Automatic Fire Sensing and Extinguishing Robot Embedded with GSM Modem.

1. SRI VENKATESHWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(AFFILIATED TO VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI, APPROVED BY AICTE,
New Delhi)
TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON:
Automatic Fire Sensing and Extinguishing Robot
Embedded with GSM Modem
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING,
SRI VENKATESHWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
BANGALORE – 562157

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 OBJECTIVES
 LITERATURE SURVEY
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
 WORKING
 DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS
 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION
 Robot is defined as a mechanical design that is capable of performing human tasks or
behaving in a human-like manner.
 A fire fighter robot is one that detects and extinguishes fire with a small fire
extinguisher added to it.
 It helps to generate interests as well as innovations in the fields of robotics while
working towards a practical and obtainable solution to save lives and mitigate the risk of
property damage.

4. OBJECTIVES
 To increase the safety of firefighters and therefore help mitigate deaths from unsafe
conditions.
 Ability to automatically detect fire and extinguish it in less time.
 To voluntarily detect and extinguish fire without human aid.
 To regulate, direct, sense and command itself to achieve a desired result.
 To intimate the occurrence of fire accident and a warning message will be sent to the
respective personnel in the industry and to nearby fire station with the GSM module
provided to it.

5. LITERATURE SURVEY
Rolly Fighter Robot:
It is designed to search for a fire in a small floor
plan of a house, extinguish the fire, and then
return to the front of the house.

6. Fire Protection Robot:
It is designed to enter a room and seek
out a spot where there is extreme heat
possibly due to a fire. Upon entering the
room, the robot will once again use the
color camera to pinpoint a spot where
there is a large concentration of light.
Once the robot has driven up to the light
source, the heat sensor is activated to
check and see if there is a large amount of
heat being generated. If there is an
excessive amount of heat generated, the
fan is turned on and rotated quickly with a
servo motor to put out the flame.

7. Autonomous Mobile Robot:
The robot acquires basic navigation skills as
well as the ability to detect a fire and to
extinguish it. It is equipped with fire sensor to
recognize and response to fire to operating
water pump system.

8. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Consists of:
 FLAME SENSOR
 COMPARATOR
 MICROCONTROLLER 8051
 DRIVER CIRCUITS
 MAX 232C
 PUMP
 MOTOR 1 and MOTOR 2
 GSM MODEM

9. WORKING
 Robot uses microcontroller to drive flame sensors, and transmit distance range to main
controller of the firefighting robot.
 The driver circuit generally made by using one transistor and one relay. The driver circuit
is mainly operated by the Microcontroller. The Microcontroller changes the state of the
output pin from the low to high, i.e. from 0 level to the 1 level.
 The transistor will act as an ON/OFF switch corresponding to the input of the base. If the
base current of the transistor is high, the transistor is under ON condition, else, it is in
OFF state. These conditions will be used to control the relay.
 First, sensor will give the data to the microcontroller if it finds the heat. The
microcontroller will always scan the input signal of sensors. If the first sensor gives the
data about fire to the microcontroller, then it finds the movement to reach the fire by
calculating the input data.

10. WORKING (CONTINUED…)
 The microcontroller can give the output to two motors. One motor is used to
move in forward direction to reach the destination point and the other is used
to sprinkle the water.
 After extinguishing the fire, the robot will go back to the original position.

11. Functional Flowchart

12. EXPLANATION:
First the robot stands on its own idle condition and keeps monitor every ‘t’ sec, if the sensor recognizes
any fire. The sensor is fixed at the top of the robot on a mechanism, which rotates all around 180
degrees. If there no such signal, the sequence of checking the fire in all directions is carried out
periodically. Once the sensors detect the fire, the robot automatically turns its direction towards the
fire. This is done with the help of the built in 10bit resolution ADC present in the controller, getting the
proportional output from the sensors. The successive approximation technique used to convert the
analog signal to digital one internally with minimized errors, the sensor detects the maximum value
direction and the robot align for the direction of fire by comparing the previous maximum value
detected while sensing. We are using two ADC out of eight in the controller which is selected by
software giving multiplexed signal to the multiplexer. Then it starts moving towards the fire at every
frequent distance the robot stop and verifies the direction, by once again detecting the direction of fire
and moves towards the aim. Once it goes nearer, the temperature sensor gives the output that is
greater than the set value immediately robot stops and extinguish the fire.

13. DESCRIPTION OF
COMPONENTS
Microcontroller:
 Heart of the system
 Low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit
Microcomputer.
 Compatible with MCS-51™ Products.
 4K Bytes of In-System memory(ROM).
 Reprogrammable Flash Memory.
 128 x 8-Bit Internal RAM.
 32 Programmable I/O Lines. Microcontroller
has inbuilt CPU, memory and peripherals to
make it as a mini computer.

14. Fire Sensors:
 Lightweight, Low current consumption, and
operates as high sensitivity UV Sensor.
 Detects fire flame at the distance of 5 meters.
 Thermistors can be used to detect the
temperature. Thermistors have negative
temperature coefficient.

15. GSM Modem:
 Global System for Mobile
Communications.
 GSM modem is used to intimate the
occurrence of fire accident via SMS.
 A predetermined message can be sent
to required persons and also to fire
station so that they get alerted and
reach the place quickly where fire
broken out.

16. Driver Circuit:
 Generally made by using one
transistor and one relay.
 The Microcontroller change the
state of the output pin from the
low to high that is from 0 level
to the 1 level.
 The transistor will act as a
ON/OFF switch corresponding
to the input of the base. If the
base of the transistor is high,
the transistor will act as an ON
switch otherwise it will act as
OFF switch.

17. DC Motor:
 DC motors are generally
more powerful than servos in
terms of speed and torque.
 One motor is used to move in
forward direction to reach
the destination point and the
other is used to sprinkle the
water.

18. Chassis:
 All components of the robot
are attached directly to the
chassis therefore, a strong
yet light chassis will be ideal.
 Chassis can be made from
many different types of
materials, some common
types are aluminum, steel,
acrylic, plastic, and high
density polymer.

19. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
Advantages:
 To expose the community about new technology.
 To create better life for community.
 Encourage everyone to innovate new technology.
 Protect fireman from risk their life.
 Provide facility to fire station to extinguish the fire.
Disadvantages:
 Doesn’t predict nor interfere with operators’ thoughts.
 Cannot force directly the operator to work.

20. CONCLUSION
 It gives a detailed mechanism about the robot that continuously monitors,
intimates the respective personnel and extinguishes the fire.
 The robot is used where human lives are very dangerous, for example for
extinguishing fire in tunnels, in industries, hospitals and in house usage.
 They provide us greater efficiency to detect the flame and it can be used to
extinguish before it become uncontrollable and threat to life.

21. REFERENCES
 [1] U. Jyotsna Sai Prasanna, M.V.D. Prasad. April 2013. Automatic Fire Sensing and Extinguishing Robot
Embedded with GSM Modem.
 [2] Wireless communication technologies: new multimedia Systems by Norihiko Morinaga.
 [3] Encyclopedia of Fire fighter surveillance robot.
 [4] Intelligent Springer Handbook of Robotics Mini-Robot System International Journal of Computers,
Communications & Control, Vol. I , Issue 21, January 2013 by Bruno Siciliano.
 [5] Development and Applications of Automatic Fire Fighting Robot International Journal of Advanced
Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET)Vol. 2, Issue 14, August 2013.
 [6] Datta Rene, Prof. V. Kale, Automatic Fire Fighting Robot, International Journal of Recent Research in
Mathematics Computer Science and Information Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp: (42-46), Month: April 2015
– September 2015
 [7] “Autonomous Mobile Robot: Recognize & Response to Fire”, Nik Md Hafizul Hasmie Md Suhaimi, UTHM,
Malaysia.
 [8] “Rolly Firefighter Robot”, William Dubel, Hector Gongora, Kevin Bechtold, and Daisy Diaz, Florida
International University, Miami.
 [9] “Fire Protection Robot”, Viet Do, Ryan Norder, and Ryan Spraetz, Moscow.