2. Abstract— With the development in the field of robotics, human intrusion has
become less and robots are being widely used for safety purpose. In our day-to-day
life, fire accidents have become common and sometimes may lead to hazards that
make it hard for the firemen to protect human life. In such cases, a fire fighting robot
is used to guard human lives, wealth, and surroundings from the fire accidents. From
this proposed project we explain the implementation and designing of fire fighting
robot using different sensors. There are two dc motors used for motions. There are
three sensors used Temperature for detecting the increase in fire, Smoke(gas) for
detection of smoke and IR for detection of obstacle. Dc water pump is used to pump
water for extinguishing the fire.
Keywords—Fire fighting, smoke sensor, Temperature detection, obstacle detection
4. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
Hardware requirements:
Arduino uno
Smoke sensor
Temperature sensor
IR sensor
Motor driver
Motors
water pump
Node MCU
Software requirements:
Arduino
Programming languages:
Embedded c
5. Component description
• Arduino uno
Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P .
It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog
inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header
and a reset button.
It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a
computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
6. Smoke sensor
MQ2 is one of the commonly used gas sensors in MQ
sensor series. It is a Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS)
type Gas Sensor also known as Chemiresistors as the
detection is based upon change of resistance of the
sensing material when the Gas comes in contact with the
material.
MQ2 Gas sensor works on 5V DC and draws around
800mW.
7. Temperature sensor
DHT11 is a low-cost digital
sensor for sensing temperature
and humidity. This sensor can
be easily interfaced with any
micro-controller such as
Arduino, Raspberry Pi etc… to
measure humidity and
temperature instantaneously.
8. IR SENSOR
IR sensor is an electronic
device that emits the light in
order to sense some object of
the surroundings. An IR
sensor can measure the heat of
an object as well as detects the
motion. Usually, in the
infrared spectrum, all the
objects radiate some form of
thermal radiation.
9. Motor driver
L293D is a basic motor driver
integrated chip (IC) that enables us
to drive a DC motor in either
direction and also control the speed
of the motor. The L293D is a 16
pin IC, with 8 pins on each side,
allowing us to control the motor. It
means that we can use a single
L293D to run up to two DC
motors. L293D consist of two H-
bridge circuit. H-bridge is the
simplest circuit for changing
polarity across the load connected
to it.
10. DC MOTORS
A DC motor is any of a class of
rotary electrical motors that
converts direct current electrical
energy into mechanical energy.
DC motor consists of an stator,
an armature, a rotor and a
commutator with brushes.
Opposite polarity between the two
magnetic fields inside the motor
cause it to turn. DC motors are
the simplest type of motor and
are used in household appliances,
such as electric razors, and in
electric windows in cars
11. water pump
• A mini submersible pump is a smaller
version of the submersible water pumps
which is lightweight, small size, low
consumption, and makes little noise. A
mini submersible water pump is used
widely in household for cooking,
cleaning, bathing, space heating,
watering flowers, etc.
• A mini submersible water pump is a
centrifugal water pump, which means
that it uses a motor to power an impeller
that is designed to rotate and push water
outwards. The motor is located in a
waterproof seal and closely connected to
the body of the water pump which it
powers.
12. Node MCU
The ESP8266 is a System on a Chip
(SoC), manufactured by the Chinese
company Espressif. It consists of a
Tensilica L106 32-bitmicro controller unit
(MCU) and a Wi-Fi transceiver. It has 11
GPIO pins* (General Purpose
Input/Output pins), and an analog input as
well. This means that you can program it
like any normal Arduino or other
microcontroller. And on top of that, you
get Wi-Fi communication, so you can use
it to connect to your Wi-Fi network,
connect to the Internet, host a web server
with real web pages, let your smartphone
connect to it, etc ... The possibilities are
endless! It's no wonder that this chip has
become the most popular IOT device
available.
13. Software : Arduino IDE
• The Arduino Integrated
Development Environment - or
Arduino Software (IDE) - contains a
text editor for writing code, a
message area, a text console, a
toolbar with buttons for common
functions and a series of menus. It
connects to the Arduino hardware to
upload programs and communicate
with them.
14. Working :
• The microcontroller recognizes the digital output at the input pins of the
motor driver IC to control the motion of the robot. For the Robot
movement, 12V geared DC motors are attached to the wheels. This geared
DC motors are available with wide range of RPM and Torque, which allow
a robot to move based on the control signal it receives from the motor
driver IC.
• The robot motion is mainly controlled by the rear wheels. Since it is
automatically, it turns left and moves forward to reach an appropriate spot
if fire is sensed by the left sensor. It change towards right and moves
forward to reach an appropriate spot if fire is sensed by the right sensor.
The Robot moves forward or backward until it reaches an appropriate spot.
• If fire is detected by the front sensor and the threshold value of the sensor is
calibrated . As the robot advances towards fire, the sensor value also
increases. The robot halt at a spot and initiate responsive action as the
sensor reading reaches a value greater than fixed threshold.
15. Results
The proposed design of fire Fighting Robot outcome is it decreased the Human interference in
scene of fight. The sensors used shows great result while detecting smoke and temperature
The Water pump and Dc motors Pump the
water from robo and stops the spread of fire
when the fire detected by Sensors and Notified
to Humans by Mobile Application
16. This prototype of robot is easy to built and implement in real world and it will save many
humans lives in fire accidents with perfect detection of fire and smoke
17.
18. CONCLUSION
The fire robots are built with latest tech of Microcontrollers and IOT will Replace the Humans
and stops the spread of fire. This Robots can be used in Schools, commercial areas, Crowded
zones as fire Safety entities. The Profitable design can be used in low financial industries
where fire accidents is very often.
19. REFERENCES
1. Fire Fighting Robot Controlled Using Android Application by-RutujaJadkar1 , Rutuja
Wadekar, Shweta Khatade , Sayali Dugane , Prof.Dr.S.N. Kini (An ISO 3297: 2007
Certified Organization) Vol. 4, Issue 11, November 2015
2. Fully Automated Fire Fighting Robot with Radio Frequency Module by - Puneet
Sharma, Chandni Goel Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) Volume 3,
Issue 7 December 2014 ISSN: 2278-5213
3. Fire fighting robot : an approach By-Manish Kumbhare,S s kumbhalkar Indian Streams
Research Journal Vol.2,Issue.II/March2014 12pp.1-4
