pvc- polyvinylchloride advance construction systems

1. Pvc
Advance construction and technology
By –
Sumayya – 17091AA051
Younus – 17091AA054
Pujithaa – 15121AA044

2. Introduction
What is PVC (PolyVinyl Chloride)?
• Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC or Vinyl) is an economical and versatile thermoplastic
polymer widely used in building and construction industry to produce door
and window profiles, pipes (drinking and wastewater), wire and cable
insulation, medical devices, etc. It is the world’s third largest thermoplastic
material by volume after polyethylene and polypropylene.
• It is a white, brittle solid material available in powder form or granules. Due
to its versatile properties, such as lightweight, durable, low cost and easy
process ability, PVC is now replacing traditional building materials like wood,
metal, concrete, rubber, ceramics, etc. in several applications.

3. Discovery of PVC
PVC was accidentally synthesized in 1872 by German chemist Eugen
Baumann. The polymer appeared as a white solid inside a flask of vinyl
chloride that had been left exposed to sunlight. In the early 20th
century, the Russian chemist Ivan Ostromislensky and Fritz Klatte of the
German chemical company Griesheim-Elektron both attempted to use
PVC in commercial products, but difficulties in processing the rigid,
sometimes brittle polymer thwarted their efforts. Waldo Semon and
the B.F. Goodrich Company developed a method in 1926
to plasticize PVC by blending it with various additives. The result was a
more flexible and more easily processed material that soon achieved
widespread commercial use.

4. First use of PVC
• Around the early 20th century, B.F. Goodrich hired industrial scientist Waldo Semon to develop a
novel, synthetic alternative for the increasingly expensive natural rubber. PVC was used as a
water-resistant coating for fabrics. Soon enough, sales of the material rapidly took off, with
demand peaking at the start of World War II, when PVC was adopted as an insulator for wiring on
military ships.
• 1932 – First tubes were made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in Germany.
1935 – The first PVC pipes were manufactured (Germany).
• By the 1950s, PVC production was soaring around the world. Five companies in particular started
testing out revolutionary uses for ‘vinyl’ PVC, finding new applications for the material in
inflatable structures and fabric coatings. The construction industry soon welcomed the durable
plastic, in large part due to its resistance to light, chemicals and corrosion, which made it a prime
commodity for building structures.
• Further improvements were made to PVC’s temperature resistance in the 1980s. It’s around this
same time that thousands of American homes began incorporating the material into plumbing
systems, and no sooner did twenty global companies start producing the versatile product we’ve
come to love today. From healthcare to IT, transport, textiles and construction, PVC has proven
itself to be a low-cost, excellent commodity in a variety of industries, as well as our everyday lives.

5. Properties of pvc
Physical properties Mechanical properties

6. Mechanical properties
Thermal properties
Electrical properties

7. Basic Forms of PVC
Polyvinyl Chloride is widely available in two broad categories: Flexible and Rigid.
But, there are more types like CPVC, PVC-O and PVC-M.
• Plasticized or Flexible PVC (Density: 1.1-1.35 g/cm3): Flexible PVC is formed by the addition
of compatible plasticizers to PVC which lower the crystallinity. These plasticizers act like
lubricants resulting in a much clearer and flexible plastic. This type of PVC is sometimes
called as PVC-P.
• Unplasticized or Rigid PVC (Density: 1.3-1.45 g/cm3): It is a stiff and cost-effective plastic
with high resistance to impact, water, weather, chemicals and corrosive environments. This
type of PVC is also known as UPVC, PVC-U or uPVC.
• Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride or perchlorovinyl: It is prepared by chlorination of PVC resin.
High chlorine content imparts high durability, chemical stability and flame retardancy. CPVC
can withstand a wider range of temperatures.
• Molecular Oriented PVC or PVC-O: It is formed by reorganizing the amorphous structure of
PVC-U into a layered structured. Bi-axially oriented PVC has enhanced physical characteristics
(stiffness, fatigue resistance, lightweight, etc.).
• Modified PVC or PVC-M: It is an alloy of PVC formed by addition of modifying agents,
resulting in enhanced toughness and impact properties.

8. Manufacturing of pvc
• https://youtu.be/O8ihFOPd4tk
• PVC is derived from common salt (chlorine)
and carbon (predominantly from oil or gas).
• There are five basic steps in the PVC
manufacturing process:
1. The extraction of salt and hydrocarbons.
2. The production of ethylene and chlorine
from salt and hydrocarbons.
3. The mixing of chlorine and ethylene to
produce vinyl chloride monomer.
4. The polymerisation of vinyl chloride
monomer to produce PVC.
5. The blending of PVC polymers with other
materials such as plasticisers.

9. Applications of PVC Materials in different fields
PVC
Medical Transport
Building &
Construction
Electrical Sport surfaces Toys Packaging Clothing
Art & Design
Wallpapers,
signage boards etc
Medical –
• Blood bags
• Blood Vessels
• Artificial skin
• Storage bags
• Medical devices
• Blood transfusion sets
Building & Construction –
• Flooring
• Roof/Covering
• Pipes
• Windows, Doors & Frames
• Cables
• Gutters
• Shower curtains
• Fascia & Weather boarding

10. In detailed usage - Flooring
• It is inexpensive ,Durable , Easy to clean , Easily recyclable
• Has variable thickness upto 5mm
• Used in home, hospitals, offices, schools
• Complex 3d designs are possible due to the prints available in a wide range
of colors and patterns
• These floors are protected by a clear wear layer and they have smooth and
tough surface of upper wear layer which prevents from building up of dirt
and also prevents from microbes from breeding in areas that are kept to be
sterile, such as hospitals.
• For maintanance only wet mopping is required.
• The cost is around 9 – 150Rs/Sq.ft and in case of different variations like 3d
flooring it is 550Rs/Sq.ft
PVC FLOORING OF DIFFERENT PATTERNS

11. In detailed usage – Roof/Covering
• Used as covering like sheds for railway platforms, air base shed , nurseries.
• Available in different colors and thickness range from 0.5mm to 5mm with
different lifespans.
• Reinforced pvc roofing are easy to install, lightweight roofing membrane.
• Has low maintanance requirements and slope is of like 5 to 10 is good/ low slope
roofs.
• Lasts over 30 years, has high flame resistance.
• However PVC in cold weather are prone to shattering and puncture and is not
recommended to installed in cold weathers.
• Installing a PVC roof building temperature cooler, reducing energy demand,
unaffected by most chemicals, allows PVC to withstand harsh environments for a
long period of time.
• Cost is about 64 – 250Rs / Kg, 20 – 130Rs/Sq.ft , 400 – 550Rs /Sq.m

12. In detailed usage – PVC Pipes and fittings
• In use for more than 65 years. And can last more than 100 years.
• They have resistance to bacteria growth, and no taste / smell is transferred to water.
• The length obtained from 10KN of material is about 1100m.
• CPCV Pipes are used for hot water pipe fittings.
• They have good insulating properties and hence the temperature of water passing through such
pipes is not affected by the outside temperatures.
• They provide high, smooth and undiminished flow of water.
• The fittings such as tees, elbows, caps,etc. used in PVC piping system should fit well with the
pipes. If such fittings are too tight, they will develop stress in the system and if they loose, they
will cause leakage of water through piping system.
• They should not be used at places likely to be subjected to heavy loading. And should not be bent
too much to avoid stress in them.
• Cost is about 28Rs – 1500 Rs / Piece , 52 – 100Rs /Kg, 25 – 180Rs/m.

13. In detailed usage – Windows, Doors & Frames
• They are totally rust proof, rot- proof, termite – proof and water –
proof.
• They are unaffected by coastal saline air, dry heat , sub –zero
temperatures or tropical rains.
• They do not fade, corrode, flake or warp and consequently, require
no maintenance. It only requires occasional cleaning with ordinary
soap and water.
• They provide an alternative to wood.
• They provide better thermal insulation and may be considered as
ideal for air – conditioned and heated rooms.
• They restrict dust penetration through openings and hence prove
ideal for operation theatres, computer rooms, food processing
plants, electronics factories, pharmaceutical plants, etc.
• The price for these could be approx 500Rs/unit, 90 - 320Rs/Sq.ft
DOOR
CASEMENT WINDOW

14. In detailed usage – Cables and Gutters
• Cables – first used as a cable insulation as a replacement for rubber
during 2nd world war.
• They do not harden and crack over time and find use in many application
from Tele-communications to electric blankets and they are recyclable.
• The cost varies depending upon the type of usage…. 53 – 90Rs/m and
2500Rs/piece.
• Gutters – Inexpensive , easy to install, won’t rust, but they can be easily
damaged by a heavy ladder or falling tree branches.
• They can deteriorate after prolonged exposure to UV rays and this can
cause the gutters to become weak and possibly break.
• Some can become cracked/break after too many seasons of extremely
cold weather due to expanding and contracting during low temperatures.
• Aluminium gutters are quite better in performance overall than PVC ones.
• The cost is around 80-250Rs/m.
CABLES
GUTTERS

15. Advantages of PVC
• Lighter in weight as compared to traditional materials like copper, wood
and tin etc. Easily available and producible.
• Heat resistant and do not conduct electricity.
• It has a wide range of different items as it can be used on a multitude of
shapes, designs and product types.
• Neat and tidy aesthetic that can be designed and manipulated in
accordance to your preferences.
• Can be recycled and reused.
• Can be easily shifted from one place to another.
• Allows you to keep production uniform and is likely to entitle you to more
volume discounts, bringing overall costs down to a bare minimum.

16. Disadvantages of PVC
• It may not be the most environment-friendly of materials.
• Harmful by-products are created as a result of the chemical
composition of PVC, during both the creation and decomposition of
the product.
• It is not recommended for use above 343K although it can be taken to
353K for short periods
• Sensitive to UV and oxidative degradation.
• HCl is evolved when it is decomposed.
• Its production causes pollution.

17. Applications of PVC in
Architecture
• PVC coated polyester fabrics, or PVC/PES,
are strong and durable fabrics, a popular
choice in tensile fabric and membrane
architecture.
• These fabrics are durable, translucent
and waterproof and can withstand
extreme environmental conditions,
humidity and UV-radiation. These highly
functional fabrics come in a wide range of
colours, light transmissions and tensile
strengths.
• PVC/PES fabrics are the most economic
material in tensile fabric and membrane
architecture. The price coupled with the
availability of dirt repellent surface
lacquers makes it attractive for a variety of
permanent and temporary architectural
applications. PVC STRUCTURE EXAMPLES

18. Applications of PVC in London Olympics
• Tensile fabric structures
• Cables
• Pipes
• High performance sport surfaces and
seating
• A very large amount of pvc is used,
especially in temporary structures, has
been recycled and developed, with
the support of vinyl 2010. some
structures have been completely
dismantled and shipped to Brazil
where they will be re-used in the
football arenas.
INTERIOR VIEWS

19. Wuhan Train Station
• The new train station for Wuhan, the capital
for central China, is both refreshingly
contemporary and at the same time,
reverential to tradition and past times.
• The roof is certainly the most notable
feature of the building- it’s sweeping form of
nine overlapping wings is steeped in
symbolism and lore; it acts as a landmark to
the area while sheltering the platforms and
various amenities below.
• There it was glass, meeting the flexible
curvilinear roof at a buffer zone of inflated
PVC or some analogous material.
• In the Wuhan station, the difficulties of
differential expansion/contraction rates are
not present, but the aesthetic dilemma is
just as real.
EXTERIOR VIEW
INTERIOR VIEWS

20. Wuhan Train Station
• The roof extends out far beyond the
enclosing glass, giving the roof a clear
visual hierarchy. A sort of semi-transparent
mesh is used on the roof’s underbelly,
enabling the roof and glass to meet under
similar circumstances.
• The semi-transparency gives the roof
depth; the glass meets something similar,
not a stark solid field. Inside, once through
the enclosing wall, natural light abounds.
The wings of the roof overlap, allowing
sunlight to stream in over the multiple
levels of restaurants, departure halls,
waiting rooms and platforms. The roof is
also, itself translucent, which of course
helps with the lighting. INTERIOR VIEWS WITH SHOPS AND UPPER FLOORS
PLATFORM

21. Pvc in market

22. Pvc doors
Pvc in electronics

25. Top Companies That Produce PVC Pipes and
Fittings
• Astral Poly Technik Ltd. ( Website : www.astralpipes.com )
• Finolex Industries Ltd. ( Website : www.finolexwater.com )
• Jain Irrigation Systems Limited ( Website : www.jains.com )
• Shenco Valves PVT. LTD
• Captain Pipes LTD ( Website : www.captainpipes.com )
• Kankai Pipes & Fittings Private Limited ( Website
: www.kankaipipes.com )
• Sudhakar Marketing Agencies Pvt
Ltd ( Website: www.sudhakarpipes.com )
• PRINCE PIPES & FITTINGS PVT. LTD ( Website : www.princepipes.com )
• Miraj Pipes & Fittings ( Website : www.mirajpipes.com )

26. Top Companies That Produce PVC Windows
and Doors
• Lingel windows India
• Kommerling - Profine India Window Technology Pvt Ltd
• Fenesta doors
• Window Magic India
• LG Hausys
• Lesso doors
• Deceuninck India
• Encraft India Private Limited
• Torfenster Systems India
• Arrc windows
• Bansal Roofing Products Ltd – For Roof
• Premier Polyfilm Ltd. – (https://www.premierpoly.com/index.php)– IN GENERAL

27. Pvc as a composite material
A composite material is a material made from two or more constituent
materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties that,
when combined, produce a material with characteristics different from the
individual components.
Mixing PVC with natural fibres is an interesting alternative. During the
mixing with PVC, some natural fibres may acts as reinforcing materials while
other natural fibres only act as filler, which contribute less to mechanical
strength improvement. However, generally natural fibres also give positive
outcome to the stiffness of the composites while decreasing the density.
Some examples of pvc mixed with natural fibres are wood-PVC composite,
sugarcane bagasse reinforced pvc composite, banana particulate reinforced
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composite,etc

28. Wood pvc composite
• The effects of wood flour type
and content, PVC resin K
value, as well as specific
wood–PVC compatibilisers,It is
concluded that PVC is the
most suitable polymer matrix
for wood–plastic composites
applications.
• outdoor deck floors, used for
railings, fences, landscaping
timbers, cladding and siding,
park benches, molding and
trim,
prefabhouses, window and do
or frames, and
indoor furniture
sugarcane bagasse reinforced pvc
composite
• Sugarcane bagasse is a fibrous material obtained
as a residue from the sugarcane after crushing to
extract the juice.
• Bagasse fiber which is abundantly available
as waste after processing of sugarcane is used
as reinforcement with an epoxy polymer in
forming the natural fiber reinforced composites.

29. Banana particulate reinforced polyvinyl chloride
(PVC) composite
• A banana particulate reinforced polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
composite was developed with low cost materials having an
overall light-weight and good mechanical properties. The
specimen composite material was produced with the banana
(stem) particulate as reinforcement using compression molding.
• Demand for engineering material with low density, high specific
property, minimal corrosivity and low cost is on the increase for
application in the aerospace and automobile industries
• Nigerian banana stem particulate was used as the reinforcement
in the thermoplastic poly vinyl chloride (PVC) matrix.
• The composite is a three-constituent composition consisting PVC
as matrix, banana stem particulate as reinforcement
and Kankarakaolin clay as corresponding filler.

30. Advancements in pvc
Pvc penta sheets
Gerflor flooring Pvc-o

31. Wall Coverings—Vinyl-based materials are commonly used for
durable, easy-to-clean hospitality and health-care facilities. Vinyl
requires only half as much energy to manufacture as the same
amount of paper wall coverings.
Windows— PVC window frames are inherently energy efficient
and save the U.S. nearly two trillion thermal units of energy per
year, helping reduce greenhouse gas emissions, associated with
energy generation—and at the same time reducing maintenance
time, materials and other costs.
Advancements in Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) technology are improving
for use in pipe, construction applications, wires and cabling, medical
tubing, flooring, fabrics and other consumer items. As a thermoplastic
resin, manufactured from industrial salts and carbon, PVC is also less
dependent on oil or gas and considered a more natural resource.
Pvc window
Pvc wall covering

32. REFERENCES
• https://omnexus.specialchem.com/selection-guide/polyvinyl-chloride-pvc-plastic#PVCforms
• https://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-pros-and-cons-of-plastic-gutters.htm
• https://www.slideshare.net/AlokMishra36/pvc-as-a-construction-material
• https://www.slideshare.net/kaiwan1996/pvc-51474110
• https://www.slideshare.net/PankajDas19/polyvinylchloridepvc
• https://www.slideshare.net/VinayKumar778/pvc-48295625
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#:~:text=PVC%20is%20commonly%20used%20as,w
ith%20calcium%2Dzinc%20based%20systems.
• https://www.to-experts.com/en/membranes/pvc-
pes/#:~:text=PVC%20coated%20polyester%20fabrics%2C%20or,is%20applied%20to%20both%20sid
es.
• https://www.arch2o.com/wuhan-train-station-arep/
• books - ENGINEERING materials, by Rangwala

33. THANK YOU