HDPE - Geomembrane

1. High Density Polyethylene
(HDPE)
Arivusudar Nagarajan
n.arivusudar@yahoo.com
+91-9159750006

2. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE
• High density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes are made from
polyethylene resin, carbon black and additives.
• Although HDPE geomembrane is less flexible than LLDPE, it provides
higher specific strength and can withstand higher temperatures.
• High-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polyethylene high-density
(PEHD) is a thermoplastic polymer produced from the monomer
ethylene. It is sometimes called "alkathene" or "polythene" when
used for HDPE pipes.

3. Types of Commonly Used Geomembranes and
Their Approximate Weight Percentage Formulations
Geomembrane Type Resin Plasticizer Filler
Carbon Black or
pigment
Additives
HDPE 95-98 0 0 2-3% 0.25-1.0%
VLDPE 94-96 0 0 2-3% 1-4%
PVC 50-70 25-35 0-10 2-5% 2-5%

4. Which is better PVC or HDPE?
• HDPE is a softer, more bendable plastic, making HDPE pipe more
suitable for lower pressure, tight bending radius situations. On the
other hand, PVC is a much stronger and stiffer material, which is
why PVC pipes are more widely used for direct burial and trenchless
installations
What is HDPE pond liner?
• HDPE pond liners are both tough and flexible, with high resistance to
chemicals and corrosion. HDPE liners are among the most durable
and long-lasting polyethylene liners on the market. They can be
fusion weld together, forming permanent seals in the field.

5. Where to Use – HDPE
• HDPE waterproof membrane. Where to use: Basement/ Roof
/Subway/Tunnel/Water pool /Line Ponder – Agricultural & Fish
Farming use etc.

6. Technical Properties – HDPE
1. HPDE Membrane come in Roll size of 1mx20m with thickness of
1.2mm & 1.5mm in common(Note: Other thickness and lengths can
be customized based on project requirements.)
2. ACCESSORIES Double Sided Adhesive Tape-100mm x 10m ,HDPE
based Butt Joint Tape-160mm x 20m ,HDPE based Sanded Tape-
100mm x 20m.
3. Elongation – Min 300% & Breaking Elongation >700% (ASTMD412)
4. Puncture Resistance >1000N (ASTM E 154)
5. Tensile Strength >28Mpa (ASTM D412)

7. Cont..
6. The membrane has strong adhesion to concrete with peel strength
of 880Mpa (ASTM D903 Modified).
7. It has resistance to > 70Mtrs Hydrostatic head (ASTM D751-006)
2011.
8. UV resistance.
9. Resistance to traffic movement ,Abrasion & Chemical attack.
10. No protection & Primer required – Reinforcement directly can be
laid on HDPE Membrane.

8. How do you calculate break elongation?
• Elongation = ɛ = (ΔL/L) x 100
• Elongation at Break is measured in % (% of elongation vs. initial size
when break occurs). The maximum elongation i.e. at break, emax is
also called “strain to failure”. Ultimate elongation values of several
hundred percent are common for elastomers and film/packaging
polyolefin.
• How do you calculate tensile strength and elongation?
• Elongation = ɛ = (ΔL/L) x 100
• It is measured in % (% of elongation vs. initial size when yield point is
reached). Elongation at Yield is also known as tensile elongation at
yield.

9. Cont…
• What does high elongation mean?
• It is the increase in the gauge-length of a test specimen after fracture
divided by its original gauge-length. Higher elongation means higher
ductility. ... Elongation is important in manufacturing as it measures
how much bending and shaping a material can withstand without
breaking.

10. Moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR),
• Moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR), also water vapor transmission
rate (WVTR), is a measure of the passage of water vapor through a
substance. It is a measure of the permeability for vapor barriers.
• There are many industries where moisture control is critical. Moisture
sensitive Foods and Pharmaceuticals are put in packaging with controlled
MVTR to achieve the required quality ,safety and shelf life. In Clothing,
MVTR as a measure of breathability has contributed to greater comfort for
wearers of clothing for outdoor activity.
• The building materials industry also manages the moisture barrier
properties in architectural components to ensure the correct moisture
levels in the internal spaces of buildings. Optoelectronic devices based on
organic material, generally named OLED’S, need an encapsulation with low
values of WVTR to guarantee same performances over the device lifetime.

11. Measurement
• There are various techniques to measure MVTR, ranging from Gravimeter techniques
that measure the gain or loss of moisture by mass, to highly sophisticated instrumental
techniques that in some designs can measure extremely low transmission rates. Special
care has to be taken in measuring porous substances such as fabrics, as some techniques
are not appropriate. For very low levels, many techniques do not have adequate
resolution. Numerous Std methods are described in ISO,ASTM,DIN etc.—these are quite
often industry-specific. Instrument manufacturers are often able to provide test methods
developed to fully exploit the specific design which they are selling. The search for the
most appropriate instrument is a zealous task which is in itself part of the measurement.
• The conditions under which the measurement is made has a considerable influence on
the result. Both the temperature and humidity gradients across the sample need to be
measured, controlled and recorded with the result. An MVTR result without specifying
these conditions is almost meaningless. Certainly no two results should be compared
unless the conditions are known. The most common international unit for the MVTR is
g/m²/day. In the USA, g/100in²/day is also in use, which is 0.064516 (approximately 1/15)
of the value of g/m²/day units. Typical rates in aluminum foil laminates may be as low as
0.001 g/m²/day, whereas the rate in fabrics can measure up to several thousand
g/m²/day

12. Cont.…
• Often, barrier testing is conducted on a sheet of material. Calculations
based on that can be useful when designing completed structures,
clothing, and packages. Seams, creases, access points, and heat seals
are critical to end-use performance. For example, the glass of a bottle
may have an effective total barrier, but the Screw cap closure and the
closure liner might not. Performance verification and validation of
complete containers, structures, or irregular objects is often
recommended.
• For the special case of OLEDs, where the levels of allowed permeation
are in the 10−6 g/m²/day level the methods preferred exploit an
oxidation of a metal upon the exposure to water.

13. • What is Peel Adhesion Test? The peel adhesion test is used to
determine the force required to de-bond two components joined by
an adhesive. ... The peel adhesion test can be used for: Quality
control – where the glued component needs to meet a minimum
bond strength value.
• How is peel strength calculated? The peel strength is the measure of
the average force to part two bonded materials like tape, labels,
textile or plastic films. The strength is calculated during a peel test at
a constant speed rate by divided the average force required during
the test by the unit width of the bonded samples.

14. Testing Machines – HDPE
• Universal testing Machine for Puncture resistance , Elongation &
Tensile force ASTM 154 & ASTM D412 .
• Moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) - Gravimeter techniques.
• Peel Strength – Peel Tester ASTM D 903.
• Tear strength around nails - ASTM D1004
• Water vapors transmission rate ASTM E 96-92.

15. THANKS