building illumination-lighting design requirement

1. LIGHTING DESIGN
REQUIREMENTS
DONE BY -
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2. RESIDENTIAL LIGHTING
• Good lighting design turns a house into a home. It enhances the interior
design and architecture, and should be designed to reflect how the resident
lives in the space. A house can have the most beautiful interior design and
stunning architecture, but if the lighting is wrong it simply won’t feel like a
home.
Quality of lighting
• The quality of light is defined by the size of the light source relative to the
subject.
• LIGHTING QUALITY means achieving an optimum balance among human
needs, architectural considerations, and energy efficiency.
Colour and texture
• The Texture of Light is an attempt to fight the boredom of everyday life. This
project employs the simple use of chemistry, Plexiglas, and plastic patterns
to form a reconstruction of reality, giving it a texture and an expressive form.
• Neutrals
• Darks
• Whites

3. Lighting considerations -
1. Light Distribution and Brightness
2. Conservation of Energy
3. The Appearance of the Space and Luminaires
4. Glare
5. The Appearance of Color
6. Lighting Control and Flexibility
7. Lighting of Faces
8. Cost of Implementation
9. Installation
10. Maintenance

4. Dimensions and Spacing
Spacing Guidelines for Light Fixtures:
• The general rule for ambient or task lighting is to space recessed ceiling fixtures
approximately the same distance apart as the beam spread at the work height,
typically assumed to be 30 inches above the floor (36 inches for kitchen
counters).
• The light beam spread is the central cone of light, where the beam is at least 50%
of the brightness at the center of the beam.
• For ambient lighting, choose a compact fluorescent, A lamp, or wide flood with a
beam angle of at least 50 degrees. Typical spacing for ambient lighting with
recessed lights is 6 to 7 1/2 feet for an 8-foot ceiling, or 7 to 8 1/2 feet for a 9-
foot ceiling. Spacing from the first row of lights to the wall is half this distance.
• For accent lighting, space recessed or track fixtures so their light hits the wall at
about 30 degrees. For lighting a large wall area, the distance between fixtures
should be equal to or less than their distance from the wall

6. CORPORATE LIGHTING
• The lighting affects the ambiance of the office; the psychological well being, interest, and enthusiasm of its
employees. It should enhance the feeling of well-being and productivity. Employees need to perform tasks
comfortably and effectively in the environment.
CONSIDERATIONS FOR COMMERCIAL LIGHTING –
• Size and shape of the space
• Traffic patterns through the space
• How each room will be used: there is almost always some type of task involved in each space and some
tasks require more light than others.
• Illuminate the space appropriately for its uses by considering both the architectural elements as well as
the human interaction within the space.
• Integrate layers of light to maximize illumination where it is needed.
• Integrate daylight.
• Use appropriate controls for light level and energy management
• Use the most efficient lamp and ballast technology appropriate for the space.
• The ceiling height and shape: if light will be reflected off these surfaces and contribute to the ambient light
level in the room.
• Color of the walls: darker walls absorb more light and may require higher levels of illumination. A light,
bright office will reflect a better image of a company than a dull one.
• Art work and highlight areas: determining the pieces and places to be highlighted helps determine the
number of accent lights needed.
• Families of luminaires: recessed downlights used as adjustable accents and wall washers should match in
aperture size and trim finish as well as use similar lamp types. Compliment these choices with the same,
or similar, finished fixtures to avoid drawing attention to the lighting system.

7. Types of light fixtures for commercial lighting design
• When selecting light fixtures in commercial lighting design, their characteristics,
application and function must be considered. Commonly-used commercial
lighting design fixtures include T5 and compact fluorescent lights, however, given the
reduction in prices, LED light fixtures are starting to be preferred.
• Tubular Fluorescent Light Fixtures -This type of light fixture, is typically set
into ceilings and covered with a frosted lens. Depending on the amount
of lighting required in the commercial space, standard fluorescent lights usually have
one to four bulbs. They are regarded as one of the longer-lasting and more energy-
efficient options for commercial lighting design.
• Compact Fluorescent Light Fixtures - compact fluorescent lighting is
also built from traditional fluorescent technology and has a compact internal ballast.
While it is as energy efficient as tubular fluorescent lighting, the light emitted
provides a better natural white colour perception. It is commonly used
in lighting application for tasks and downlight lamps in commercial spaces.
• T5 Fluorescent Light Fixtures - Suitable for troffer or high bay (high ceiling)
applications, T5 fluorescent light fixtures are often considered the best option
for commercial lighting designs because they have a long life and
their maintenance requirements are minimal. While the T5 fluorescent fixtures were
designed with fluorescent lamps sources, they are now more often designed
to accommodate LED bulbs.
• LED Light Fixtures
• In the recent years, LED light fixtures have been widely adopted because
they consume less power and have a longer operational life. While the
initial adoption of LED fittings was a challenge, the reduction in cost, almost as low as
T5 and fluorescent light fixtures, has led to an increase in preference for
LED lighting fixtures in commercial lighting design.
T5 Fluorescent
Light Fixtures
Compact Fluorescent Light Fixtures
Tubular Fluorescent
Light Fixtures

8. RECEPTION AREA –
• Lighting needs to compliment the architecture and convey a strong
corporate image. This area usually requires lighting two separate
conditions: a task area for the receptionist as well as an area for
waiting visitors. Care should be taken to light the receptionist’s face
so they appear approachable. Lighting in the waiting area should be
restful, but provide sufficient illuminance for simple tasks.
CORRIDORS –
• The corridors throughout the office must remain illuminated for
long, if not continuous, periods of time. To conserve energy, provide
at least one-fifth the illuminance level of the surrounding areas. This
is a safe, navigational level, and will not effect eye adaptation when
moving in and out of the hallways. If the walls and ceilings are lit,
the area will feel larger and more open. All corridors must have
emergency lighting, as they are paths of egress.
CONFERENCE ROOMS –
• The conference room serves many different functions: from video
and power point presentations to brainstorming sessions, the
lighting design needs to accommodate the range of activity
occurring in the space. It is vital that the lighting in these spaces is
designed for maximum flexibility and visual comfort. General
lighting in the room, at a comfortable, navigational level, needs to
be dimmable to vary the illuminance level for visual presentations.
Appropriate task lighting needs to be provided for reading and
writing at the table, and ample illumination on the people seated at
the table also needs to be provided.
RECEPTION AREA
CORRIDORS
CONFERENCE ROOMS

9. OPEN PLAN OFFICE SPACE –
• Open plan office space is a dynamic space where a wide variety of
different tasks are carried out. The ambient light level in the open plan
office needs to provide a comfortable, functional light and be lit
consistently with the overall lighting plan. The furniture used in the space
will have a major impact on the distribution characteristics and general
luminance of the ambient lighting. Therefore, the task lighting in the space
will provide the higher illuminance levels that are needed at task locations.
The lighting should be distributed uniformly, avoiding hot spots and glare.
Glare contributes to eye strain, visual fatigue, and headaches, as well as
making takstasks more difficult to see. It is important to keep the open
lighting plan very flexible, as the transient nature of work stations will alter
the planned lighting layout.
PRIVATE OFFICE SPACE –
• Private offices are used for individual work as well as group meeting space.
The ambient light in the room should be sufficient for navigation and
conversation with adequate task lighting over the desk and other work
surfaces. Accent lighting can provide variety and interest, and serve a dual
purpose by creating simple light patterns on the while while highlighting
artwork or other work-related material. This can be achieved with
adjustable recessed housings or track heads. Luminaire design and style
should compliment the architectural and interior design qualities of the
room.
EXIT & EMERGENCY LIGHTING –
• When general lighting systems fail, exit and emergency lighting direct the
safe exit of the building’s occupants. If no exit is required, the lighting
should provide security and comfort until the general lighting can be
restored.
OPEN PLAN OFFICE SPACE
PRIVATE OFFICE SPACE
EXIT & EMERGENCY LIGHTING

11. HOSPITAL LIGHTING
 Main Purpose of Hospital Lighting
Good Illumination promotes -
 The safety of the people who are using the building;
 Work and other activities carried out within the
building comfortably;
 It creates a pleasing environment conducive to
interest of the occupants ;
 It creates a sense of their well-being.
• Main Objective of Hospital Lighting is to
 Bring daylight scenarios into an office building.
 Enhance well-being and performance of staff.
 The Fields of Hospital to be taken under
Lighting Design
• Lighting of Exterior Portions of the Hospital
 Hospital Building
 Car Parking
 Entrance of Emergency Department
• Lighting of Interior
Portions of the
Hospital
 Doctors’ offices
 Waiting areas
 Bathrooms
 Library
 First aid ward
 Corridors – staircase
 Kitchen
 Laboratory
 Operating room
 Dentistry
 Maternity ward
 Patient rooms

12. Required Illuminance Levels in main Portion of the Hospital
Doctor’s Office
Operating Room

13. TYPES OF LUMINAIRES USED IN HOSPITAL
Luminaire used for
Examination Purpose
For examination purpose Mobile type
Luminaire is used basically.
This luminaire is designed to aid any
surgery.
The halogen lamp is used basically in
this luminaire.
The Mobile type luminaires are used
in
•Labour
•Orthopaedics
•Urology
•Gynaecology
•Additional lamp in the O. T. Characteristics of luminaire used
for examination purpose in the
hospital

14. Operation Theatre Luminaire
Operation Theatre Luminaires use halogen lamps with
proper filters to give cold bluish white light, almost similar
to natural light which is ideal for surgeries of all types. The
Lights incorporate international safety standards.
Functions of Operation Theatre Luminaire are given
below:
• Shadow free lighting due to large-area polygon
reflector;
• Homogeneous depth illumination makes refocusing
unnecessary for changes of distance;
• Continuous adaptation of light intensity and
illuminated field size to the requirements of the
operating area;
• High-performance thermo-absorbing filter system is
used for colour temperatures similar to daylight with
brilliant colour rendition;
• The elimination of unwanted thermal radiation
prevents tissue desiccation and provides cool comfort
working beneath the light;
• No possible loss of light due to built-in reserve light;
Seven and Four Reflector Theatre Lig
Theatre Light

15. Patient’s Ward Light
Required Lux level for patient’s Ward
luminaire is 150 to 200 Lux
(maximum) and 20 to 50 Lux
(minimum)
Conditions for Patient’s Ward
Luminaire Installation
• Lux level varies patient to patient
• CCT (Correlated colour
temperature) must be 4000 K
• Smooth or cool light colour
• No glare
• Uniform lumen distribution
• Lights used in patient’s wards are
FTL, CFL, and LED Lamps etc.
Luminaire for reception and
Nursing Stations
• Appropriate lighting levels – 300 Lux is
recommended for reception and
nursing stations.
• The luminaires used should have Colour
Appearance 4000 K and Colour
Rendering Index is 80+.
Corridors and Circulation Areas
• Appropriate lighting levels – 150/200
Lux is recommended for corridors and
circulation areas.
• The used luminaires must have Colour
Appearance 4000 K – Colour Rendering
Ra 58+.
Light source used for corridors and
circulation areas are FTL, CFL, LED etc.

16. MUSEUM LIGHTING
•Lighting is an integral part of museum design.
•In an art gallery , museum spaces daylight and artificial light are important.
•Exposure of sensitive materials to light, especially daylight, detriments the longevity and preservation of
those artworks or art efacts.
•Light fundamentally affects materials through photo-chemical action and radiant heating effects from UV &
IR rays.
THE MOST IMPORTANT LIGHTING SYSTEM USED IN EXHIBITION ROOMS :
LUMINOUS CEILINGS
•The idea is to emulate the sky for this kind of lighting
system.
• Iuminous ceilings deliver light which is praticularly
sutable for painting , galleries and give it an opal colour.
INDIRECT LIGHTS
• Indirect lighting adds brightness to the arts without
creating any direct or indirect glare.
•light bounced off the ceiling and upper wall surfaces into
the room.

17.  COVE LIGHTS
•The curving transition between wall and ceiling .
• The cove or coving is another indirect lighting solution.
WALL WASHERS
• Wall washers bring attention to the wall that contain the
arts and artefact.
• Brings drama & focus to the object.
• Wall washing provides an even spread of illumination.
• Effect of flattening out textured surfaces.
 SPOT LAMPS
• Three-dimensional character of an object.
• Create shadows and to highlight an object's
form and texture.
• Silhouetting.

18. TABLE OF LUX EXPOSURE
GENERAL RANGE OF VISIBLE LIGHT TEMPEATURE & SPECIFIC LIGHTING CONDITIONS FROM
ART MUSEUMS

19. LIGHTING TECHNIQUE
LIGHTING TECHNIQUE FOR 2D OBJECT
•Framing projector can make objects make look internally illuminated.
LIGHTING TECHNIQUE FOR 3D OBJECT

20. BIBILIOGRAPHY
• https://www.studionlighting.com/blog/home-residential-
lighting-design-basics/
• https://www.contechlighting.com/en/docs/contechcomme
rciallightingguide2017_0.pdf
• https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Commercial_lig
hting
• https://www.electrical4u.com/hospital-lighting/
• https://www.slideshare.net/hannahmerrett98/lighting-in-
a-gallery
• https://www.slideserve.com/sancha/6332-day-lighting-
buildings
• https://www.slideshare.net/SHRISTISHAKYA7/lighting-in-
museum-and-art-gallery-98865209