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Genghis khan
- 1. White bones scattered like tangled hemp, how soon before mulberry and catalpa turn to dragon-sands? I only know north of the river there is no life: crumbled houses, scattered chimney smoke from a few homes. (Ebrey, 237)
- 2. Genghis Khan • Temujin (1162/67-1227 CE) • Mongol Empire (1206-1368 CE) • One fifth of globe • Campaigns of terror • Writing to Mongols • Law code • Trade
- 3. Early Life Cloth of blood Father tribe leader Poisoned by rivals at only nine Captured by rival clan leader Toghril, chief of the Kerait Temujin proved unstoppable diplomacy, generosity, punishments.
- 4. The great Khan • Kerulen river 1206 CE declared Temujin their leader. • Genghis Khan ‘universal’ leader • Mongol skills of horsemanship and archery • Conquer the richest state in Asia China • Divisions based on tribes • Expanded his elite bodyguard • Loyalty was ensured • Postal system
- 5. Mangol Warfare • Expert archers, extremely tough soldiers, riding for days. • Unified • Victorious commanders receive large swathes of land to govern • Exploit internal divisions in the enemy • Acquired by spies and merchants • Motivation was high to gain booty.
- 6. The Mangol Empire • Attacked the Jin state (Aka Jurchen Jin Dynasty, 1115-1234 CE) 300,000 infantry and 150,000 cavalry • Yellow River in 1205, 1209, and 1211 CE • Two Mongol armies of 50,000 men each. • Capture, devastate it, murder every citizen, warn neighbouring cities. • Acts of terror such as using captives as human shields attacks on China • With around 90 destroyed in 1212-1213 CE alone.
- 7. Western Asia • Attacks on China, with around 90 cites being destroyed in 1212-1213 CE alone. • Unforgiving, destroying countless cities, murdering innocents • Khwarazm Empire. • Army of 100,000 men • Bukhara and Samarkand were captured • In 1221 Northern Afghanistan. • In 1222 CE Russian army was defeated at Kalka.
- 8. Death and legacy • Died on 18 August 1227 CE of an unknown illness, • Location of his tomb was kept a secret • Empire divided amongst his sons • Chagatai (Chaghadai), Tolui (Tului), and Ogedei (Ogodei) • Ogedei, the third son, Great Khan in 1229 CE • Kublai Khan (r. 1260-1294 CE),China 1275 CE • Collapse of the Song Dynasty in 1279 CE. • China entirely dominated by the Mongols. • Middle East, Korea, and Japan. • Largest empires ever seen.