Our project “GSM based Garbage Disposal” is mainly intended to control the ON/OFF operations of the irrigation motor by using a mobile phone. The mobile phone present in the system uses auto answer function to lift the call. Each key in the mobile phone transmits two tones with different frequencies when pressed. These transmitted frequencies are decoded using DTMF decoder and the decoded value is fed as input to micro controller which in turn operates switches like Relay and Triac to which the irrigation motor is connected. The input value to the micro controller will be checked and respective operation of that key will be performed like switching ON/OFF the irrigation motor. The system also gives feed back through buzzer alarm system.

1. GSM Based Garbage Disposal
System
 The purpose of this project is to automatically sense the
level of a garbage using a microcontroller based system.
 If the garbage collector is filled then it will alert
respective officials using GSM based SMS messages.
 We are also alerting this information using a Buzzer
 The major building blocks of this project are explaned
in next slides.

4. REGULATED POWER SUPPLY
 Every embedded system requires dc voltage and that that will
be 5v supply
 We are getting 230v, 50 Hz in our house hold applications.
We can be used to operate the home appliances like T.V,
cooler, fan, light’s
 Digital electronic devices need digital supply and we can
get supply from regulated power supply block
Step down
transformer
(V-0-12 )
Bridge
rectifier
Capacitive
filter
Regulator
(7805)
+5V DC
230 v AC

5. TRANSFORMER
 Transformer is a electromagnetic device which
induces the voltage due to magnetic field
present between primary and secondary windings.
 It has two windings called as primary winding and
secondary winding. We are giving input 230v input
voltage at primary side. The output of transformer
is 12v(ac only).
 We have two types of transformers
 Step up transformer.
 Step down transformer.

6. STEP UP TRANSFORMER STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER
 This transformer will
step up the voltage that is
this transformer will
increase the voltage.
 eg. V-0-12
 This type of transformers
will step down the voltage.
That is this will convert high
voltage in to low voltage.
 eg. 0- 430

7. RECTIFIER
Rectifier is circuit which converts the ac in to dc. We have
two types of rectifier.
1. Full wave rectifier
2. Half wave rectifier
Full wave rectifier again classified as follows
1. Bridge rectifier
2. Cetertapped full wave rectifier
3. In this project we are using bridge rectifier because
the efficiency of the bridge rectifier is high compare to
all rectifiers.

8. OSCILLATOR
 An electronic oscillator is an electronic circuit
that produces a repetitive Electronic signal, often a sine wave
or a square wave.
 PIC micro controller internally having 4mhz clock frequency.
 We are giving the 20Mhz clock frequency as an external
source for increasing the system performance

9. LED INDICATORS
 Led indicators have a life of at least ten years and
consume 90 per cent less power than conventional indicators.
 Depending on the type of the materials (Ga,As,p) led will
gives the output in different colors (red, Yellow, green etc..)
 LED’s emitted low-intensity red light, but modern versions are
available across the visible, ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths,
with very high brightness.
 LED’s are used as indicator lamps in many devices, and are
increasingly used for lighting. Introduced as a practical
electronic component

10. MICRO CONTROLLER
 A microcontroller can be considered a self-contained system with a
processor, memory and peripherals and can be used as an embedded
system.
 PIC is a family of Harvard architecture microcontrollers made by
Microchip Technology.
 A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit
consisting of a relatively simple CPU combined with support
functions such as a crystal oscillator, watchdog timer, serial and
analog I/O etc.
 PIC Micro controller are having EEPROM. Timers. analogue
comparators, UART, and internally there will be a crystal
oscillator of 4mhz.

11. EMBEDDED SYSTEM
An embedded system is a computer system designed to
perform one or a few dedicated functions often with real-time
computing constraints.
Embedded system is classified into 3 categories:
 Stand Alone Embedded System
 Real-time embedded systems
 Network communication embedded systems

12. Stand Alone Embedded System
These systems takes the input in the form of
electrical signals from transducers or commands
from human beings such as pressing of a button
etc.., process them and produces desired output.
This entire process of taking input, processing it
and giving output is done in standalone mode. Such
embedded systems comes under stand alone
embedded systems
Eg: microwave oven, air conditioner etc..

13. Real-time embedded systems
Embedded systems which are used to perform a specific
task or operation in a specific time period those systems are
called as real-time embedded systems. There are two types of
real-time embedded systems.
1. Hard Real-time embedded systems:
These embedded systems follow an absolute dead line
time period i.e.., if the tasking is not done in a particular time
period then there is a cause of damage to the entire equipment.
Eg: consider a system in which we have to open a valve
within 30 milliseconds. If this valve is not opened in 30 ms
this may cause damage to the entire equipment. So in such
cases we use embedded systems for doing automatic
operations.

14. 2. Soft Real Time embedded systems
These embedded systems follow a relative dead line time
period i.e.., if the task is not done in a particular time that
will not cause damage to the equipment.
Eg: Consider a TV remote control system
If the remote control takes a few milliseconds delay it will
not cause damage either to the TV or to the remote control.
These systems which will not cause damage when they are
not operated at considerable time period those systems comes
under soft real-time embedded systems.

15. Microcontroller
• Microcontroller is a special purpose computer which has all the
necessary peripherals like I/O ports, RAM, ROM etc.., on a
single chip.
• Microcontrollers are also called as embedded controllers.
• The Microcontroller used in the project is PIC Microcontroller
developed by Microchip Incorporation.

16. Microcontroller
• A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated
circuit consisting of a relatively simple CPU combined with
support functions such as a crystal oscillator, timers, watchdog
timer, serial and analog I/O etc.
• Microcontrollers are also used in scientific, high technology,
and aerospace projects.
• Microcontrollers are designed for small or dedicated
applications.

17. • Some microcontrollers may operate at clock rate
frequencies as low as 4 kHz, as this is adequate for
many typical applications, enabling low power
consumption (mill watts or microwatts)
• Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled
products and devices, such as automobile engine
control systems, remote controls, office machines,
appliances, power tools, and toys.
• A microcontroller can be considered a self-contained
system with a processor, memory and peripherals and
can be used with an embedded system.

18. PIC CONTROLLER
 PIC microcontroller has four optional clock sources.
 Low power crystal
 Mid range crystal
 High range crystal
 RC oscillator (low cost).
 Programmable timers and on-chip ADC.
 Up to 12 independent interrupt sources.
 Powerful output pin control (25 mA (max.) current sourcing
capability per pin.)
 EPROM/OTP/ROM/Flash memory option.
 I/O port expansion capability.

19. Filter
• The output of rectifier is not pure DC. It may contain
some ripple components that is pulsating DC. To
eliminate this ripple components which are present in
output we are using filter.
• Filter is a circuit which is used to eliminate the
ripples present in rectified output.
• We have many types of filters. Most of the power
supplies are using capacitor filter to filter out the
ripples present in output.

20. Regulator
 The output of filter is not constant output voltage it will varies
according to changes in input but we want constant output voltage.
For this purpose we are using voltage regulator.
 Regulator is defined as it is a device which will maintain constant
output irrespective of changes in input.
 The most popular regulator series is 78xx series. This series have
more advantages.
 We are using 7805 voltage regulator to maintain constant 5v output
voltage irrespective of changes in input voltage.

21. What is an LED?
• Light-emitting diode
• Semiconductor
• Has polarity
• Types of led given below

22. Inside a Light Emitting Diode
1. Transparent Plastic
Case
2. Terminal Pins
3. Diode

23. How to Connect a LED:
• Requires 1.5~2.5V and 10 mA
• To prevent overloading, use resistor 470 Ω

24. GSM
• GSM, which stands for Global System for Mobile
communications, reigns (important) as the world’s most
widely used cell phone technology. Cell phones use a cell
phone service carrier’s GSM network by searching for cell
phone towers in the nearby area.
• Need of GSM:
1. The GSM study group aimed to provide the followings
through the GSM:
2. Improved spectrum efficiency.
3. International roaming.
4. Low-cost mobile sets and base stations (BS)
5. High-quality speech
6. Compatibility with Integrated Services Digital Network
(ISDN) and other telephone company services.
7. Support for new services.

25. • Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is a globally
accepted standard for digital cellular communication.
• GSM – Architecture:
A GSM network consists of several functional entities
whose functions and interfaces are defined. The GSM network
can be divided into following broad parts.
· The Mobile Station (MS)
· The Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
· The Network Switching Subsystem (NSS)
· The Operation Support Subsystem (OSS)

26. Following fig shows the simple architecture diagram of GSM
Network.

27. The added components of the GSM architecture include the
functions of the databases and messaging systems:
Home Location Register (HLR)
· Visitor Location Register (VLR)
· Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
· Authentication Center (AuC)
· SMS Serving Center (SMS SC)
· Gateway MSC (GMSC)
· Charge back Center (CBC)
· Transcoder and Adaptation Unit (TRAU)

28. • Following fig shows the diagram of GSM Network
along with added elements.

29. GSM network areas:
• In a GSM network, the following areas are defined:
• Cell: Cell is the basic service area, one BTS covers one cell.
Each cell is given a Cell Global Identity (CGI), a number that
uniquely identifies the cell.
• Location Area: A group of cells form a Location Area. This is
the area that is paged when a subscriber gets an incoming call.
Each Location Area is assigned a Location Area Identity
(LAI). Each Location Area is served by one or more BSCs.
• MSC/VLR Service Area: The area covered by one MSC is
called the MSC/VLR service area.
• PLMN: The area covered by one network operator is called
PLMN. A PLMN can contain one or more MSCs.

30.  Advantages of GSM:
1.GSM is already used worldwide with over 450 million
subscribers.
2. International roaming permits subscribers to use one
phone throughout Western Europe. CDMA will work in
Asia, but not France, Germany, the U.K. and other popular
European destinations.
3.GSM is mature, having started in the mid-80s. This
maturity means a more stable network with robust features.
CDMA is still building its network.
4.GSM's maturity means engineers cut their teeth on the
technology, creating an unconscious preference.
5.The availability of Subscriber Identity Modules, which are
smart cards that provide secure data encryption give GSM
m-commerce advantages.

31. Buzzer
Basically it works as sound source
based on piezoelectric diaphragm.
It is consists of electrode ,when dc
voltage applied across electrode
produces sound.
To switch on buzzer -high 1
To switch off buzzer -low 1

32. BUZZER
 A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be
mechanical, electromechanical, or electronic.
 A buzzer can be operated on two principles.
1. piezo electric buzzer, it generates sound because of the
piezoelectric effect.
2. magnetic buzzer is based on the electromagnetic principle. In
this project we are going to use magnetic buzzer.
characteristics of buzzer circuit :
1. sound level -------------------70-95 dB
2. current consumption---------35-60 ma
3. resonant frequency---------- 1-3 khz

33. SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
This project is implemented using following software’s:
1.Express PCB – for designing circuit
2. PIC C compiler - for compilation part
3.Proteus 7 (Embedded C) – for simulation part