Environment Impact Assessment, a group presentation

1. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
(E.I.A.)
PRESENTED BY:
GROUP - D
DHRUBA ADHIKARI (073-MSIM-04)
GAURI SHANKAR MANDAL (073-MSIM-05)
RAM CHANDRA PAUDEL (073-MSIM-11)
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 103 JULY, 2017

2. OUTLINE
 Introduction
 Principles
 Benefits
 Applications
 Methods
 EIA & Project
Cycle
 Project
Screening
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 203 JULY, 2017
 Scoping
 Preparation of TOR for an
EIA
 Baseline data collection
 Policies, Law and
Regulations in Nepal
 Identification of
Environment impacts
 Impacts Significance
 Mitigation Measures
 Environmental
Monitoring
 Environmental Auditing
 Other Legal
Requirements
 Practices of EIA in Nepal
 Conclusions
 Recommendations

3. PRESENTING
DHRUBA ADHIKARI (073-MSIM-04)
(073-MSIM-04)
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 303 JULY, 2017

4. 03 JULY, 2017INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 4

5. INTRODUCTION
Environmental Impact Assessment (E.I.A.) is a tool for assisting
environmental management and for contributing to Sustainable
Development.
EIA is to identify potential environmental impacts from proposals, such
as projects and programs, and to propose means to avoid or reduce
the significant impacts.
According to The International Association of Impact Assessment(IAIA),
E.I.A. is the process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating
the biological, social, and other relevant effects of development
proposals prior to major decisions being taken and commitments.INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 503 JULY, 2017

6. INTRODUCTION
E.I.A. is both Art & Science
Science (Planning tools): Deal with methodology and technique for
identifying, predicting, and evaluating impacts associated with
particular project.
Art (Management tools): Complying with policy and legal provisions
and influencing the decision-making process.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 603 JULY, 2017

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PRINCIPLES

8. E.I.A. – BENEFITS
Lower project cost in long-term.
Increase project acceptance.
Improve project design.
Informed decision makings.
Environmentally sensitive decision.
Increased accountability and transparency
Reduce environmental damage.
Improved integration of project into their environmental and social
settings.INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 803 JULY, 2017

9. WHICH TYPE OF PROJECTS UNDERGO E.I.A….?
Any development projects around protected nature areas
Clean development mechanism(CDM) Projects.
Agriculture
Construction(Road network, Township, Dam, etc.)
Industries
Electrical projects
Waste disposal
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 903 JULY, 2017

10. 10
E.I.A.METHODS
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E.I.A.&PROJECTCYCLE

12. PROJECT SCREENING
It would be time consuming and a waste of resources for all proposed
projects and activities to undergo EIA
Not all development projects require an EIA, as some projects may not
pose an environmental threat
It is the process used to determine whether a proposed project or
activity requires an EIA and, if so, what level of environmental review is
necessary.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 1203 JULY, 2017

13. PRESENTING
GAURI SHANKAR MANDAL
(073-MSIM-05)
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 1303 JULY, 2017

14. SCOPING
A process of interaction between government agencies and project
proponents
Identifiers:
 Spatial and temporal boundaries for the EIA.
 Important issues and concern
 Information necessary for decision making
 Significant effects and factors to be considered
Establishes Terms of Reference for full-scale EIA
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 1403 JULY, 2017

15. PREPARATION OF TOR FOR AN EIA
BACKGROUND INFORMATION SECTION SHOULD INCLUDE:
 Project Description (i.e., type, magnitude, location, alternatives and
constraints)
 Environmental Setting (i.e., delineation of study area, listing of
environmental resources and sensitive or special value areas)
 Background Reports (e.g., aspects of the environmental setting,
previous projects with relevant impacts or resources)
 Significant effects and factors to be considered
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 1503 JULY, 2017

16. PREPARATION OF TOR FOR AN EIA
SPECIFIC EIA REQUIREMENTS TYPICALLY INCLUDE:
 EIA objectives
 Institutional context (i.e., legal and policy , requirements).
 Significant issues of concern (SEIs).
 Required information and data methodologies for impact
assessment.
 Process for incorporating public input.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 1603 JULY, 2017

17. BASELINE DATA COLLECTION
Baseline information is found in documents and data banks,
but field studies and interviews with indigenous and other local people
are often necessary.
knowledge of local cultural, social and ecological systems and the
changes in these systems over time, including recent trends, may be an
essential complement to scientific observations
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 1703 JULY, 2017

18. E.I.A. IN NEPAL
INITIATION OF EA IN NEPAL
 Since 1980’s through policies
 In 1990’s through laws
 Use ramified along with development of guidelines and manuals
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 1803 JULY, 2017

19. E.I.A. LAWS IN NEPAL
LEGAL MEASURES
 Forest Act,1993
 Water Resources Act,1993
 Electricity Act,1993
 Environment Protection Act,1997
 Environment Protection Rules,1997
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 1903 JULY, 2017

20. IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENT IMPACTS
Describes the proposed project or activity and examines alternatives
Identifies and addresses community concerns to extent possible
Identifies and assesses potential environmental effects
Directs future action
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 2003 JULY, 2017

21. CHARACTERISTICS AFFECTING IMPACT SIGNIFICANCE
Nature of impact (e.g., positive, negative, synergistic)
Extent and magnitude
Timing (i.e., construction, operation, closure)
Duration (i.e., short, chronic, intermittent)
Reversibility/irreversibility
Likelihood (i.e., probability, uncertainty)
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 2103 JULY, 2017

22. PRESENTING
RAM CHANDRA PAUDEL
(073-MSIM-11)
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 2203 JULY, 2017

23. IMPACT MITIGATION & ENHANCEMENT MEASURES
ENHANCEMENT MEASURES WITH COST INDICATIONS:
Providing relevant training/skills to local people.
Priority to local people for employment in project
construction/operation works.
Construction/rehabilitation of some public facilities such as taps,
schools, health care centers, temples etc.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 2303 JULY, 2017

24. IMPACT MITIGATION & ENHANCEMENT MEASURES
MITIGATION MEASURES:
Impact-wise mitigation measure's with indicative costs.
Avoidance, Corrective or Compensatory.
Cost incurring & Non-cost incurring.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 2403 JULY, 2017

25. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
“A plan to ensure systematic integration of all proposed mitigation
measures with the project construction/operation activities”
OBJECTIVES:
Formulate project management activities in particular implementation
of Environmental Protection Measures(EPM)
Formulate a monitoring programme for baseline, impact and
compliance monitoring
Formulate an environmental auditing programme to be implemented
after project construction
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 2503 JULY, 2017

26. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
PLANS:
Project management for Environmental Protection Measures (EPM)
implementation
Monitoring Plan
Auditing Plan
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 2603 JULY, 2017

27. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
“Environmental monitoring is used in the preparation of E.I.A., as
well as in many circumstances in which human activities carry a risk
of harmful effects on the natural environment.” –Wikipedia
TYPES:
Baseline Monitoring.
Compliance Monitoring.
Impact Monitoring.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 2703 JULY, 2017

28. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
BASELINE MONITORING:
Specific Objectives:
If anticipated time lapse between EIA approval and project execution is
significantly long.
To update the baseline information on the overall environmental
conditions of the project site prior to project implementation.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 2803 JULY, 2017

29. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
COMPLIANCE MONITORING:
Specific Objectives:
To ensure fulfillment of all conditions set forth and commitments made
in the approved EIA report
To ensure that other regulatory requirements/standards are well
integrated with subsequent project documents (e. g. detail engineering
design and tender documents etc.)
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 2903 JULY, 2017

30. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
IMPACT MONITORING:
Specific Objectives:
To ensure that the actual impacts in the field are well within the
manageable limit of the designed mitigation measures and set
standards.
To detect any unexpected damages.
To provide early warning to the responsible agencies for undertaking
required corrective/additional measures to avert/minimize such
unanticipated impacts.INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 3003 JULY, 2017

31. ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT
Environmental Audit is Post Project Assessment of :
 Actual environmental impacts.
 The accuracy of impact prediction.
 Effectiveness of impact mitigation/benefit enhancement measures.
 Functioning of monitoring mechanism.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 3103 JULY, 2017

32. ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT
 When and How Many Times…?
 Once for each project after two years of commencement of project
operation
 Who is Responsible…?
 Ministry of Science Technology and Environment(MoSTE). -as Per EPR,
1997
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 3203 JULY, 2017

33. OTHER LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
 PUBLIC HERAING:
 Once in the area of project implementation/operation. -as per EPA, 2053
 Proceeding of public hearing
 Signatures of all attendees
 RECOMMENDATIONS FROM:
 Concerned rural-municipality / municipalities
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 3303 JULY, 2017

34. POLICIES & PRACTICES OF E.I.A. / E.A. IN NEPAL
The Environmental Assessment system of Nepal has introduced
successfully after the enforcement of Environment Protection Rules (EPR)
1997, which made Initial Environmental Examination(IEE) / EIA mandatory
for the governmental as well as the private sector.
6th Five Year Plan (1980-’85) had first mentioned the need for EIA for
major infrastructure projects
7th Five Year Plan (1985-’90), first time a national level policy on
environment management was incorporated.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 3403 JULY, 2017

35. POLICIES & PRACTICES OF E.I.A. / E.A. IN NEPAL
8th Five Year Plan(1991-’95) and the Nepal Environmental Policy and
Action Plan (1993) re-emphasized the need for an EIA system to
integrate environmental concerns into the development process.
10th Periodic Plan (2002-’07) the plan seeks to reduce poverty from
38% to 30% by 2007 through emphasis on four key areas, high,
sustainable, and broad based economic growth, social sector and rural
infrastructure development.
10th Five Year Plan, 2003 Conservation of biodiversity through
management of buffer zone involving local user groups, promote &
encourage Eco-tourism in the protected areasINSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 3503 JULY, 2017

36. CONCLUSION
 EIA acts as a bridge between economic prosperity and environmental
sustainability.
 Major aims: Environmental Friendly, Sustainable Development, Real
Prosperity.
 The existing policy and legal instruments since beginning of the late
1980s has a big deal for the development of EIA system in Nepal,
though EIAs have been integrated in major development projects.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 3603 JULY, 2017

37. RECOMMENDATIONS
 All possible impacts of the project activities caused environmental
stress which could be properly managed or mitigated as per the
nature, magnitude and duration of the impacts.
 For effective EIA implementation, international standards and
requirements of EIA is necessarily required.
 A broader consultation is required among the professionals,
government agencies and concerned stakeholders towards the
effective implementation EIA approach and review of existing policy
and legal instruments.INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 3703 JULY, 2017

38. SLIDE OVER…
Thank You for Your Kind Attention…!
Any…
Queries…? | Comments…? | Suggestions…?
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEGING, PASCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, LAMACHOUR, POKHARA 3803 JULY, 2017