Lecture Slides, GMU, His 125 009, Fall 2019

1. Worlds Entangled:
Religion and the Creation of the
Atlantic World
Week 5

2. Overview
• 1400 – 1650
• The Atlantic World and
Exploration
• The Reformation
– Martin Luther
– England
– Counter-Reformation
and Philip II
– 30 Years’ War
• Homework:
– Ch 13
– Ch 12 Quiz (9/30)
– PSR # 2 (pushed back)
Mass Hanging of Soldiers, 1633

3. The Age of Exploration

4. Age of Exploration
• China
– Zheng He (1371 – 1433)
• Portugal
– Prince Henry the Navigator
(1394-1460)
– Bartholomew Dias, 1488, Cape
of Good Hope
– Afonso d’Alboquerque, Hormuz,
1508
– Japan, 1543
• Spain
– Christopher Columbus (1451-
1506)
• Oct. 12, 1492 – reach Bahamas
• 4 voyages
– Magellan’s Voyage (1519 – 1522)
– Miguel Lopez de Legazpi,
Philippines, 1565
• Manila Galleons

5. Voyages of Zheng He

6. European Caravel

7. Chinese Junk

8. The Portuguese Arriving at Nagasaki

9. Copyright © 2013 W. W. Norton & Company
WORLDS TOGETHER, WORLDS APART, FOURTH EDITION

10. Spanish Colonization
• Conquistadors
• Aztec Empire (c.1325 –
1521)
– Montezuma II
• Hernan Cortes (1485-1547)
– Mexico, 1519 – 1521
– Dona Marina
– Tlaxcalans
• Francisco Pizzaro
– Incan Empire, 1533
– Atahualpa
• Conversion
– Pueblo Revolt, 1680
– Missions
Codex Magliabechiano

11. Dedication to Columbus’ Journal
“For as most Christian and very noble and very excellent
and powerful princess, king and queen of the Spains, this
present year of 1492, after your highnesses had brought
an end to the war with the Moors, who ruled Europe had
concluded this war in the very great city of Grenada
wherein the present year I saw your royal standard placed
on the towers of the Alhambra, and your highnesses as
Catholic, Christian princes, lovers and promoters of the
holy Christian faith, and enemies of all false doctrine, and
you have thought of sending me, Christopher Columbus,
to said regions of India to see the said princes and
peoples of those lands, and so having expelled all of the
Jews from your kingdom and dominion, the same month
you commanded me to go with a suitable fleet to the said
regions of India.”

12. The Aztec Empire and Mesoamerica,
c. AD 1500

14. Pedro de Alvarado by Diego Duran,
16th Century

15. Spain’s North American Frontier,
1542–1823

16. Aztec Tribute, 1531

17. Virgin of Guadalupe

18. Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494

19. The Columbian Exchange

20. The Columbian Exchange
Old World New World
Wheat Corn
Sugar cane Cocoa
Horses Potatoes
Cattle Pumpkins
Chickens Tomatoes
Smallpox Peanuts
Bubonic Plauge Syphilis

21. New Religious Wars

22. The Reformation
• Background
– 1300s
– Humanism
– Printing Press
• Martin Luther, 1483-1546
– University of Wittenberg
– 95 Theses, 1517
• Luther’s Beliefs
– Faith Alone
– The Bible
– Indulgences
– Pope
• Frederick, Elector of
Saxony

23. Martin Luther and Katherina von Bora

24. Electoral Princes of Saxony

25. The Reformation Spreads
• Peace of Augsburg (1555)
• John Calvin (1509-1564)
– Predestination
• Church of England
– Henry VIII
– Catherine of Aragon (m. 1509-
1533)
– Anne Boleyn (m. 1533-1536)
– Dissolution of the Monasteries
• French Wars of Religion (1562 –
1598)
– Huguenots
– St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
(1572)
– Henry IV of Navarre (1589 – 1610)
– Edict of Nantes (1598)

26. Henry VIII (b.1491, r.1509-1547)

27. Henry VIII’s Armor

28. Catherine of Aragon Anne Boleyn

29. Europe, c. 1590

30. Catholic/Counter-Reformation
• Council of Trent
(1545-1563)
• Jesuits, 1540
– St. Ignatius of Loyola
(1491-1556)
– St. Francis Xavier
(1506-1552)
• The Conquest of
Jerusalem, 1539
Father Marquette Memorial (Marquette, MI, 1910)

31. Marquette, Michigan

32. Allegory of the Jesuits,
18th Century,
San Pedro, Lima, Peru