types,uses,etc

1. FABRIC AS A
BUILDING
MATERIAL

2. WHAT IS FABRIC
 Fabric or cloth is a flexible artificial material that is made by a network of natural or
artificial fibers
 the term fabric describes the way different parts of something work together to form a single
entity.
OR
 Manufactured assembly of interlacing fibers, filaments, and/or yarns having
(1) substantial surface (planar) area in relation to its thickness, and
(2) adequate mechanical strength to give it a cohesive structure.

3. HISTORY OF FABRIC
• The origins of fabric structures can be traced back over 44,000 years to the ice age
and the Siberian Steppe, where remains have been found of simple shelters
constructed from animal skins draped between sticks.The origins of fabric
structures can be traced back over 44,000 years to the ice age and the Siberian
Steppe, where remains have been found of simple shelters constructed from animal
skins draped between sticks.
• IT has even been suggested that simple textiles were used for spatial division and
shelter before they were used as clothing.
• One of the earliest and most successful types of fabric structure was the loosely
woven black tent.

4. PROPERTIES OF FABRIC
Flame Resistance
• The requirements the coated fabric must meet can be found with multiple tests; tunnel
tests, flame spread, smoke-development and self-extinguishing properties.
Design Flexibility
• A fabric structure provides tremendous flexibility in design, including shapes and colours.
The material's elasticity and strength can accommodate varying loads to enable
architects/engineers further design capabilities. It can provide clear, free-span areas for
maximum floor space. In addition to a fabric structure being an alternative for a brick and
mortar building, fabric also can be used in conjunction with those traditional building
methods.
Colorfastness
• With PVC-coated and PVC-laminated polyesters, color selection will affect the colorfastness
and UV resistance of the finished material.

5. Permanent / Transportable
In the event where a structure may be needed for a short-term temporary application, a fabric structure is
certainly easier to move to a new location. In addition, it allows the owner ease of resell once it has met
its useful purpose.
Cost effectiveness
A fabric structure is typically much less expensive than the brick and mortar option
Energy Efficient
A fabric structure can allow for daylight to penetrate the structure to increase useful light. This can reduce
the amount of light and energy used to reduce the overall operating costs. Fabric structures can be
designed to offer insulator properties to withstand a wide range of operating conditions.
Atmospheric Discharge Control
The chemical resistivity of the synthetic-resin coated fabric is ideal for managing air quality in conditions
that would be harmful to the environment. The structure can be moved from site to site or easily disposed
of due to contamination.

6.  Radiation absorption strength (the rate at which radiation energy either disintegrate a fabric or destroys
utility characteristics).
 Corrosive strength ( the measure of chemical action, acid or alkaline)
 Dry cleaning durability ( the measure of dry cleaning performance)-
 Moth resistance
 Crease resistance
 Solar absorption.
 Convective heat exchange with the adjacent air, inside and out.
 Long-wave infrared radiation exchange with internal and external surroundings.
 Calendaring and napping applied to the woven fabric to yield or enhance style,durability, and utility
values.
Acoustical properties
We generally think of fabric as absorbing sound but unfortunately, coated fabrics used for roofs and other
structures are not efficient sound-absorbing materials. Although it is true that fabrics will exhibit reasonable
sound-absorbing properties at lower (bass) frequencies, at middle and high frequencies the fabric’s sound
absorption is low.
 resistance to cold cracking

7. STRESS
STRAIN
CURVE FOR
DIFFERENT
FABICS

8. TYPES OF FABRIC
Membrane materials
• the fabric is coated and laminated with
synthetic materials for increased
strength, durability, and environmental
resistance.
Cotton canvas
• The traditional fabric for fabric
structures in light cotton twill, light
canvas, or heavy proofed canvas
Polyesters
Polyesters are laminated or coated with PVC
films are usually the least expensive option
for longer-term fabrications.

9. Vinyl-laminated
polyesters
A laminated fabric usually is composed of a
reinforcing polyester scrim pressed between two
layers of unsupported PVC film.
film joined by heat, pressure, and an adhesive to
fold.A good chemical bond is critical to both
prevention of delamination and development of
seam strengths. The seam is created when vinyl-
coated fabrics are welded together. The adhesive
enables the seam to meet shear forces and load
requirements for a structure at all temperatures.
The adhesive prevents wicking of moisture into the
scrim’s fibers, which also prevents fungal growth or
freezing that could affect the exterior coating's
adhesion to the scrim. Adhesives are water-based to
comply with EPA regulations.rm a single ply.
Uses- for awnings, tents and low-tension frame
structures

10. • Vinyl-coated polyester
It is made up of a polyester scrim, a bonding
or adhesive agent, and exterior and provides
the tensile strength, elongation, tear
strength, and dimensional stability of the
resulting fabric.
Vinyl-coated polyester is manufactured in
large panels by heat-sealing an over-lap
seam with either a radio-frequency welder or
a hot-air sealer.
Vinyl-coated polyester is the most common
fabric for producing flexible structures such
as custom-designed awnings, canopies,
walkways, tent halls, smaller air-supported
structures and light member-framed
structures.

11. Fiberglass
• Glass fibers are drawn into continuous
filaments, which are then bundled into yarns.
The yarns are woven to form a substrate.
• The fiberglass carries a high ultimate tensile
strength, behaves elastically, and does not suffer
from significant stress relaxation or creep. The
PTFE coating is chemically inert, can withstand
temperatures from 100 °F upwards to 450 °F+.
It is also immune to radiation and can be cleaed
• Because of its energy efficiency, high melting
temperature and lack of creep, fiberglass-based
fabrics have been the material of choice for
stadium domes and other permanent
structures,ned with water.
• Its ability to provide natural daytime lighting
and its highly reflective surface for efficient
nighttime interior lighting can reduce energy
consumption.

12. Blackout fabric
 Blackout fabric, also known as blockout material,
is an opaque fabric.
 Blackout fabric consists of a laminate that
sandwiches an opaque layer between two white
exterior layers.
 Heating and lighting of a structure may be
controlled because the fabric does not allow light to
permeate the top or walls.
 The opaque quality also prevents stains, dirt,
repairs, or slightly mismatched panels on the
structure's exterior from being noticed from the
inside.
 Blackout fabric also has its disadvantages.
Heating may be necessary, as the tent’s interior
may be colder than using non opaque fabric

13. Meshes
Mesh is a broad term for any
porous fabric with open
spaces between its yarns. It
can be made from almost any
fiber by a variety of methods,
including knitting, weaving
and extrusion. . Meshes can
provide shade as well as
shelter from wind. Since
they’re porous, meshes are
little good against rain. Still,
they are inexpensive and
have been used for some low-
cost membrane structure
applications. For obvious
reasons, meshes are not used
in traditional air-supported
structure design.
Film
• Films are transparent
polymers extruded in
sheet form without a
supporting substrate.
• They are not laminated or
coated.
• Films are much weaker in
tension, though more
elastic, than scrim-based
fabrics.
• Films sometimes have
application in air-inflated
structures. Air-inflated
structures are composed
of fabric tubes in which
the air is pressurized, but
the structure’s interior
itself is not.

14. Netting
• Netting is considered a type of mesh, usually tight
with small holes.
• Netting finds use in stadium interiors behind
goals, golf ranges and courses, playground
equipment and structures, horticulture, zoos,
construction sites and other areas where protection
or containment is needed.
• Netting consists of a nylon, polyester or
polypropylene with extruded or spun yarns that is
knotted or raschel knitted to form the material.
• One drawback is that the knitted material can
unravel, which can be thwarted by heat-setting the
netting to shrink and stabilize the fibers.

15. THANK YOU