Dales cone of experience

2. •Born April17,1900 Benson,
Minnesota, USA
•Cited as the Father of Modern
Audiovisual Education
•An American Educationalist who
developed the Cone of Experience
•Professor of Education at Ohio
State University

3.  First introduced in 1946 in Dale’s book,
“Audio-Visual Methods in teaching”
 Designed to “show the progression of
learning experiences” from the concrete to
the abstract
 It is a pictorial device use to explain the
interrelationships of various types of audio-
visual media, as well as their individual
‘positions’ in learning process.

5.  Enactive direct experiences
Direct purposeful
Contrived
Dramatized
 Iconic – pictorial experiences
Demonstrations
Exhibits
Educational Television
motion pictures
Recordings, radio, still pictures
 Symbolic – highly abstract experiences
Visual symbols
Verbal symbols

6.  Direct first hand experiences
 Have direct participation in the outcome
 Use of all senses
Example:
Tutoring younger children.

7.  An “editing” of reality.
 Models and mock-ups
 Necessary when real experience cannot be
used or are too complicated.

8.  Reconstructed experiences
 Can be used to simplify an event or idea to its
most important parts
 Divided into two categories
1.Acting-actual participation
(more concrete)
2.observing-watching a dramatization
take place (more abstract)

9.  Visualized explanation of an important fact,
idea or process
 Show how certain things are done
 Examples :
how to make a peanut
how to play a piano

10.  Watch people do things in real situations
 Observe an event that is unavailable in the
classroom

11.  Something seen by a spectator
Two types
1. Ready made
eg: museum, career fair etc.
2. Home – made
eg: classroom project, national history
day, competition etc.

12. Television Motion pictures
* Bring immediate Interaction * can omit unnecessary or
with events From around the unimportant material
world
* Edit an event to create clearer * used to slow down a fast
understanding than if process
experienced actual event * Viewing, seeing and
first hand experience.
* can re-create events with
Simplistic drama that even
slower students can grasp.

13.  Can often be understood by those cannot
read
 Helpful to students who cannot deal with the
motion or pace of a real event or television.
 Example:
 Listening to old radio broadcasts
 listening to music in a separate period

14.  No longer involves reproducing real situations
 Chalkboard and overhead projector the most
widely used media
 Help students see an idea, event, or process.
 Example:
 Chalkboard
 Flat maps
 Diagrams
 Charts

15.  Two types
1. Written words – more abstract
2. Spoken words – less abstract

16.  Dale taught teachers should help their
students learn how the media effects us, and
to critically evaluate it
 Teachers must evaluate the benefit of the
learning vs. the amount of time required in
the lesson
 How to effectively use instructional media to
helping students move from concrete to
abstract thought