What is organisational culture and what are the importance of organisational culture. Characteristics of organisational culture. What is Organisation Change and types of organisation change. What is the characteristics of Organisation Change. What is the Lewin's Theree-Step Model. What is Stress and different types of stress. what is the way to overcome the stress.

1. OrganizationalCulture
It is the totalityof beliefs, customs, traditions and
valued shared by the members of the organizations.
Corporateculturecan be looked at as a system.
It is important to considered culturewhile managing
change in the organization
Culturecan be both, as input and as output.
Importance of Organizational Culture
Talent-attractor
Talent- retainer
Engages people
Creates energy and momentum
Changes the view of “work”
Creates greater synergy
Makes everyone more successful
Characteristicsof Organizational Culture
Innovation and Risk Taking
Attention to Detail
Outcome to Orientation
PeopleOrientation
Team Orientation
Aggressiveness
Stability

2. OrganizationChange
It refers to a modification or transformation of the
organization’s structure, processes or goods.
It is defined as change that has an impact on the way
work is performed and has significant effects on staff.
OrganizationChanges can be
In the structureof the organization
In the structureof the organization operation and size
of a workplace
In working hours and practices
In the way roles are carried out
In the scope of a role of that results in a change in the
working situation, structure, terms and conditionsor
environment.
Types of changes
1.Planned Changes
2.UnplannedChanges
PlannedChanges
It is the change resulting from a deliberatedecision to
alter the organization. It is an intentional, goal-oriented
activity
UnplannedChanges
It is imposed on the organization and is often unforeseen

3. Characteristicsof OrganizationChange
Change happen for the pressure of both internal and
external forces in the organization
Change in any part of the organization may be affect
the whole organization
Change may affect people, structure, technology and
otherelements of the organization
Change also affect the rate of speed and degree of
significance of the organization
Change may be reactive or proactive.
LEWIN’STHREE-STEP MODEL
Unfreeze, Change, Freeze

4. Lewin's three stage theory of change is commonly referred to
as Unfreeze, Change, Freeze (or Refreeze). It is possible to
take these stages to quite complicated levels but I don't believe
this is necessary to be able to work with the theory.
Stage 1: Unfreezing
The Unfreezing stage is probably one of the more important
stages to understand in the world of change we live in today.
This stage is about getting ready to change. It involves getting to
a point of understanding that change is necessary, and getting
ready to move away from our current comfort zone.
This first stage is about preparing ourselves, or others, before the
change (and ideally creating a situation in which we want the
change).
Stage 2: Change - or Transition
Kurt Lewin was aware that change is not an event, but rather a
process. He called that process a transition.
Transition is the inner movement or journey we make in reaction
to a change. This second stage occurs as we make the changes
that are needed.
People are 'unfrozen' and moving towards a new way of being.
That said this stage is often the hardest as people are unsure or
even fearful. Imagine bungee jumping or parachuting. You may
have convinced yourself that there is a great benefit for you to
make the jump, but now you find yourself on the edge looking
down.

5. Stage 3: Freezing (or Refreezing)
Kurt Lewin refers to this stage as freezing although a lot of
people refer to it as 'refreezing'. As the name suggests this stage
is about establishing stability once the changes have been made.
The changes are accepted and become the new norm. People
form new relationships and become comfortable with their
routines. This can take time.
STRESS
Stress is the reaction of the peoplehave to excessive
pressure or other types of demand placed upon them. It
arises when they worry that they can’t cope.
S=P>R
It means stress occurs when pressure is greater than the
resources.
Types of Stress
Negative Stress
Positive Stress
NegativeStress
It is a contributory factor in minor conditions, such as
headaches, digestive problems, skin complaints, etc.

6. Excessive, prolonged and unrelieved stress can have
a harmful effect on mental, physical and spiritual
health.
Loss of Motivation
Reduce Effectiveness
Physical and Mental Problem
PositiveStress
Stress can also have positive effect, motivation and
awareness, providing the stimulation to cope with
challenges situations.
Stress also provides the sense of urgency and
alertness needed for survival when confronting
threateningsituations.
EnableConcentration
Increase Performance
CONSEQUENCES of STRESS
Stress shows itself in a number of ways. An individual who is
experiencing stress may develop the following symptoms:
Physiological Symptoms. In the initial stages, the major
concern of stress was directed at physiological symptoms.
The reason was that this topic was researched by specialists in
the health and medical sciences. According to the researcher’s
high degrees of stress are typically accompanied by severe

7. anxiety, frustration and depression. Some of the physiological
symptoms are as follows:
Stress: Irritability, insomnia, alcohol and food abuse.
Physical changes including rapid breathing, and heartbeat,
tensed muscles. Prolonged stress can cause muscular
twitches, skin problems, baldness and sexual problems such
as impotence.
Anxiety: Excessive worry, irritability, anger,
nervousness as well as unability to concentrate or sleep.
Physical changes include palpitations, chest pain and
dizziness.
Depression: Feeling of sadness, hopelessness, guilt and
worthlessness, loss of interest in activities, change in
appetite or weight, difficulty in concentrating and suicidal
thoughts.
Psychological Symptoms. While considerable attention has
been given to the relationship between stress and physiological
symptoms, especially within the medical community not as
much importance has been given to the impact of stress on
mental health. But psychological problems resulting from stress
are very important in day to day job performance. The
psychological impacts of stress may be:
 Stress can cause dissatisfaction. Job related stress can cause
job-related dissatisfaction. Job dissatisfaction "is the
simplest and most psychological aspect of stress."
 High levels of stress may be accompanied by anger,
anxiety, depression, nervousness, irritability, tension and
boredom. One study found that stress had the strongest

8. impact on aggressive actions such as sabotage,
interpersonal aggression, hostility and complaints.
 The psychological problems from stress may lead to poor
job performance, lowered self -esteem, resentment of
supervision, inability to concentrate, make decisions and
job dissatisfaction.
 Research indicates that when people are placed in jobs that
make multiple and conflicting demands or in which there is
a lack of clarity as to the individual's duties, authority and
responsibilities, both stress and dissatisfaction are
increased.
 The less control people have over the pace of their work,
the greater the stress and dissatisfaction.
 Some evidence suggests that jobs that provide a low level
of variety, significance, autonomy, feedback and identity,
create stress and reduce satisfaction and involvement in the
job.
Behavioral Symptoms. Any behavior which indicates that you
are not acting your usual self may be a sign of adverse reaction
to stress. Direct behavior may accompany high levels of stress
include:
-eating or overeating
ding off during meetings or social gatherings

9. Way to Overcome Stress
1. Laugh. Laughter releases endorphins that improve mood &
decrease levels of the stress-causing hormones cortisol and
adrenaline. It’s hard to learn to laugh it off. Watching a
funny movie is a great place to start.
2. Exercise. It’s difficult to fit exercise into a busy work
week. Make time for you. Even a short walk can offer
immediate relief to a stressful situation.
3. Sleep. The vicious cycle of stress: stress causes you to lose
sleep and a lack of sleep causes stress. Make it a point to
get the doctor recommended hours of sleep, 7 to 8 hours.
4. Breathe. While it may seem cliché, taking deep breaths
can offer you immediate relief in stressful situations.
5. Food. What we eat largely affects mood. Regulate caffeine
intake and other food or drink that is linked to stomach
irritability or increased anxiety.
6. Thoughts. A positive thought life leads to a positive
outlook. Talking yourself through a situation can offer
immediately relief to stressful situations. Reinforcing
positive thoughts can also increase a positive self-image.
7. Music. Music can slow your heart rate, help you meditate
and focus so you can reduce stress. Music can also
influence your mood.
8. Hug. A hug can reduce blood pressure and offer immediate
relief to stress.

10. 9. Write. Journaling can help process stress. Writing has
meditative and reflective effects.
10. Massage. There are therapeutic benefits of massage.
A massage can relieve stress and pain.