Hello GUYZ, THIS IS AN PPT FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE THE TOPIC OR MAIN MOTIVE OF THIS PPT IS TO EXPLAIN YOU "THE FRENCH REVOLUTION"

1. TheFrench
Revolution
1789-1799

2. Four Phases (Periods) of the French
Revolution

3. National Assembly
(1789-1791)
• Louis XVI did not
actually want a
written constitution.
• When news of his
plan to use military
force against the
National Assembly
reached Paris on July
14, 1789, people
stormed the Bastille.

4. Legislative Assembly (1791-1792)
• Royal family sought help from Austria.
– In June, 1791, they were caught trying to escape to Austria
• Nobles who fled the revolution lived abroad as
émigrés
– They hoped that, with foreign help, the Old Regime could
be restored in France
• Church officials wanted Church lands, rights, and
privileges restored.
– Some devout Catholic peasants also supported the Church
• Political parties, representing different interests,
emerged.
– Girondists
– Jacobins

5. Convention (1792-1795)
• On September 22, 1792, the Convention met
for the first time.
• Established the First French Republic.
• Faced domestic opposition and strife.
– Girondists were moderates who represented the
rich middle class of the provinces
– Jacobins (led by Marat, Danton, and
Robespierre) represented workers
• Faced opposition from abroad.
– Austria, England, Holland, Prussia, Sardinia, and Spain
formed a Coalition invading France

6. Directory (1795-1799)

7. Government under the Directory

8. The Old Regime (Ancient Regime)
• Old Regime – socio-
political system which
existed in most of Europe
during the 18th
century
• Countries were ruled by
absolutism – the monarch
had absolute control over
the government
• Classes of people –
Privileged and Unprivileged
– Unprivileged people –
paid taxes and were treated
badly
– Privileged people –
did not pay taxes and were
treated well

9. Society under the Old Regime
• In France, people were divided into three
estates:-
– First Estate
• High-ranking members of the Church.
• Privileged class.
– Second Estate
• Nobility.
• Privileged class.
– Third Estate
• Everyone else – from peasants in the countryside to wealthy
merchants in the cities.
• Unprivileged class.

10. 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Land
Ownership
Taxation Population
Clergy
Nobility
Commoners
The Three Estates

11. Estate Population Privileges Exemptions Burdens
First •Population
130,000.
•High-ranking
clergy.
•Collected the tithe.
•Control of education.
•Kept records of births, deaths,
marriages, etc.
•Catholic faith held honored
position of being the state
religion (practiced by monarch
and nobility).
•Owned 20% of the land.
•Paid no taxes. •Support the monarchy and Old
Regime.
Second •Population
110,000.
•Nobles.
•Collected taxes in the form of
feudal dues.
•Monopolized military and state
appointments.
•Owned 20% of the land.
•Paid no taxes. •Support the monarchy and Old
Regime.
Third •Population
25,000,000.
•Everyone else:
artisans, city
workers,
merchants,
peasants, etc.,
along with many
priests.
•None •None •Paid all taxes.
•Tithe (Church tax).

13. Economic Conditions under the
Old Regime
• Peasant farmers of France bore the burden of
taxation.
• Poor harvests meant that peasants had trouble
paying their regular taxes.
– Certainly could not afford to have their taxes raised.

14. France Is Bankrupt
• The King (Louis XVI) lavished money on himself
and residences like Versailles.
• Queen Marie Antoinette was seen as a wasteful
spender.
• Deficit spending – A government spending
more money than it takes in from tax revenues.

15. Marie Antoinette KING Louis XVI

16. The Storming the Bastille
The Bastille was originally constructed in 1370 to protect the walled city
of Paris from English attack. It was first used as a state prison in the 17th
century, and its cells were reserved for upper-class felons and political
troublemakers. Most prisoners there were imprisoned without a trial
under direct orders of the king. Bernard-Jordan de Launay, the military
governor of the Bastille, feared that his fortress would be a target for
the revolutionaries and so requested reinforcements, and transferred
250 barrels of gunpowder to the Bastille from the Paris Arsenal. Launay
brought his men into the Bastille and raised its two drawbridges. On July
13, revolutionaries with muskets began firing at soldiers standing guard
on the Bastille’s towers and then took cover in the Bastille’s courtyard
when Launay’s men fired back. That evening, mobs stormed the Paris
Arsenal and another armory and acquired thousands of muskets. At
dawn on July 14, a great crowd armed with muskets and swords.

17. The Storming the Bastille Continued…
Launay promised he would not open fire on the crowd and showed
them that his cannons were not loaded. Instead of calming the crowd,
news of the unloaded cannons emboldened a group of men to climb
over the outer wall of the courtyard and lower a drawbridge. 300
revolutionaries rushed in. When the mob outside began trying to lower
the second drawbridge, Launay ordered his men to open fire. 100
rioters were killed or wounded. Around 3 p.m., a company of deserters
from the French army arrived. The soldiers, hidden by smoke from fires
set by the mob, dragged five cannons into the courtyard and aimed
them at the Bastille. Launay raised a white flag of surrender over the
fortress. Launay and his men were taken into custody, the gunpowder
and cannons were seized, and the 7 prisoners of the Bastille were freed.
The capture of the Bastille symbolized the end of the ancien regime and
provided the French revolutionary cause with an irresistible
momentum.

18. Bastille Day

19. • People were hungry;
the country was
broke.
• This picture is from an
all-woman bread riot.
• Marie Antionette said
“Eat cake if you don’t
get bread, or else eat
butter if not cake.”
Bread Riots

20. Marie Antoinette was not French,
but was born an Austrian
princess! Born in Vienna, Austria,
in 1755, Marie Antoinette was the
15th and last child of Holy Roman
Emperor Francis I and the
powerful Habsburg Empress
Maria Theresa. She was only 14
years old when she married the
future French King Louis XVI.
Marie Antoinette

21. • His grandfather Louis XIV
was the ultimate
“absolutist” king.
• This king was weak.
• He had so little control,
he called for the French
congress to fix some
problems.
King Louis XVI

22. Montesquieu (1689-1755)
• Montesquieu was
known for his theory of
separation of powers
that is legislative,
executive and judiciary
powers should be
separate from each
other.
• He wrote the book
‘The Spirit of the Laws.

23. Jean Jacques Rousseau
(1712-1778)
• Rousseau worked as a
secretary, musician and
watch repairer.
• He was a great writer
his few books are ‘social
contract’ and ‘emile’.

24. Voltaire (1694-1778)
• Voltaire was a well known
writer, philosopher and
also for his satirical
writings.
• He was exiled from
france because of his plays,
poems, history and
biography saying clergy
and nobles selfish.
• He wrote the famous
book ‘Candid’

25. Meeting of the Estates-General:
May 5, 1789
• Voting was conducted by estate
– Each estate had one vote
– First and Second Estates could operate as a bloc to
stop the Third Estate from having its way
◊ First Estate + ◊ Second Estate - vs. - ◊ Third
Estate
• Representatives from the Third Estate demanded
that voting be by population
– This would give the Third Estate a great advantage

26. Tennis Court Oath

27. The Tennis Court Oath
“The National Assembly, considering that it has been
summoned to establish the constitution of the kingdom, to
effect the regeneration of the public order, and to maintain
the true principles of monarchy; that nothing can prevent
it from continuing its deliberations in whatever place it
may be forced to establish itself; and, finally, that
wheresoever its members are assembled, there is the
National Assembly;
“Decrees that all members of this Assembly shall immediately
take a solemn oath not to separate, and to reassemble
wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of
the kingdom is established and consolidated upon firm
foundations; and that, the said oath taken, all members and
each one of them individually shall ratify this steadfast
resolution by signature.”

28. Tennis Court Oath by Jacques Louis David

29. •The part of the
French
Congress
representing the
third estate left
and declared
themselves The
congress of
France.
Estates General Meets

30. Events Continued
• French created
their own
Declaration of the
Rights of Man and
Citizen modeled.

31. • Napoleon
Bonaparte was
elected leader,
then he
appointed
himself as
emperor of
France.
Effects Continued. . .

32. MADE BY
SHREYAS BORGAVE
9th
PERIWINKLE
ROLL NO: 24