2. One cannot fully understand Rizal’s thought
without understanding the social and
political context of the 19th century. The 19th
century marked as the birth of modern life
as well as the birth of many nation- states
around the world.
3. The birth of modernity was precipitated by
different great revolutions just like the
Industrial Revolution. Rizal was born and
grew up in the 19th century, a period of
massive changes in Europe, Spain and in the
Philippines.
4. During this era, the glory and power of
Spain had waned both in their colonies and
in the world. The decline of the Spanish rule
in the 19th century and the popularity of
Rizal and his reform agenda were products
of an interplay of various economic, social,
political and cultural forces both in the
global and local scale.
5. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
A. Appraise the link between the individual and the
society
B. Analyze the various social, economic, political, and
cultural changes that occurred in the 19th century
C. Jose Rizal in the context of his times
6. LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
A. Appraise Jose Rizal in the context of his time
B. Explain socio- political factors that contributed to
the growth of national consciousness during Rizal’s
time
C. Analyze the development of Rizal’s character, beliefs
and philosophy as influenced by his formal education
and reflected in his early works and writings.
8. Spain reigned over the Philippines for 333 years,
from 1565 to 1898. since Spain was far from the
country, the Spanish king ruled the Islands
through the viceroy of Mexico, which was then
another Spanish colony. When Mexico regained
its freedom in 1821, the Spanish kingruled the
Philippines through a governor general. A special
government body that oversawmatters,
pertaining to the colonies assisted the king in this
respect.
9. The Political Structure
Spain established a centralized colonial government
in the Philippines that was composed of a national
government and the local governments
that administered provinces, cities, towns and
municipalities. With the cooperation of the local
governments the national government maintained
peace and order, collected taxes and built schools and
other public works.
10. The Governor General
As the King's representative and the highest-ranking official
official in the Philippines, the governor general saw to it
that royal decrees and laws emanating from Spain were
implemented in the Philippines. He had the power
to appoint and dismiss public officials, except those
personally chosen by the King. He also supervised all
government offices and the collection of taxes.
The governor general exercised certain legislative powers, as
as well. He issued proclamations to facilitate the
implementation of laws.
11. The Residencia
This was a special judicial court that investigates
the performance of a governor general who was
about to be replaced. The residencia, of which the
incoming governor general was usually a member,
member, submitted a report of its findings to the
King.
12. The Visitador
The Council of the Indies in Spain sent a
government official called the Vistador General to
to observe conditions in the colony. The Visitador
General reported his findings directly to the King.
14. The Alcade Mayor, governed the provinces they represented
the Spanish king and the governor general in their respective
respective provinces. They managed the day-to-day
operations of the provincial government, implemented laws
and supervised the collection of taxes. Through they
were paid a small salary, they enjoyed privileges such as the
indulto de comercio, or the right to participate in the galleon
galleon trade.
Each province was divided into several towns or pueblos
headed by Gobernadordcillos, whose main concerns were
were efficient governance and tax collection.
15. Cabeza da Baranagay- was the head of barangays.
The Encomienda System
Spain owed the colonization of the Philippines to Miguel
Lopez de Legazpi, who valiantly and loyally served the Spanish
Spanish crown. To hasten the subjugation of the country, King
17. Peninsulares
They are the highest class in the Philippines,
Philippines, entrusted with the officesof
high rank. Peninsulares are pure blooded
Spaniards born from Spain and sent to
Spanish colonies to govern. Often, they are
awarded with great favors and large
quantities of land.
18. Peninsulares
They are the highest class in the Philippines,
Philippines, entrusted with the officesof
high rank. Peninsulares are pure blooded
Spaniards born from Spain and sent to
Spanish colonies to govern. Often, they are
awarded with great favors and large
quantities of land.
19. Insulares
They are the full-blooded Spaniards born in
in the colonies born in the
Philippines. Insulares were part of the
second highest racial class in Spanish
hierarchy below the peninsulares. They
ranked above mestizos, and Indios.
20. Creoles are mixture of Spanish and native.
Indios are the natives and are considered lowest
class.
