1. Lecture 4. The role of foreign
mass media in the media era
2. Plan:
1. Print edition: "The Times", "New York
Times", "Bloomberg", "Sabah".
2. Radio: "Exa Moskvy", "TRT" and "Voice
of America" television and radio
companies information analysis.
3. T. Livett's "Harvard Business Review"
article.
4. Current globalization is the problem of
integration, informatization, and the
impact of scientific and technical
progress on the human factor.
3. Much globalized media content comes from
the West, particularly from the United States.
Driven by advertising, U.S. culture and media
have a strong consumerist bent (meaning
that the ever-increasing consumption of
goods is encouraged as an economic virtue),
thereby possibly causing foreign cultures to
increasingly develop consumerist ideals.
Therefore, the globalization of media could
not only provide content to a foreign country,
but may also create demand for U.S.
products. Some believe that this will
“contribute to a one-way transmission of
ideas and values that result in the
displacement of indigenous cultures (Santos,
2001).”
4. The Times is a British daily national
newspaper based in London. It
began in 1785 under the title The
Daily Universal Register, adopting
its current name on 1 January
1788. The Times and its sister
paper The Sunday Times (founded
in 1821) are published by Times
Media, since 1981 a subsidiary of
News UK, in turn wholly owned by
News Corp. The Times and The
Sunday Times, which do not share
editorial staff, were founded
independently and have had
common ownership only since
1966. In general, the political
position of The Times is considered
to be centre-right.
The Times is the first newspaper to
have borne that name, lending it to
numerous other papers around the
world, such as The Times of
India and The New York Times.
5. In countries where these other titles are popular, the newspaper is
often referred to as The London Times, or as The Times of
London, although the newspaper is of national scope and
distribution. It is considered a newspaper of record in the UK.
The Times had an average daily circulation of 365,880 in March
2020; in the same period, The Sunday Times had an average
weekly circulation of 647,622. The two newspapers also had
304,000 digital-only paid subscribers as of June 2019. An
American edition of The Times has been published since 6 June
2006. The Times has been heavily used by scholars and
researchers because of its widespread availability in libraries and
its detailed index. A complete historical file of the digitised paper,
up to 2019, is online from Gale Cengage Learning.
6. The New York Times (NYT)
is an American daily
newspaper, founded and
continuously published in
New York City since
September 18, 1851. It has
won 112 Pulitzer Prizes,
more than any other news
organization. Its website is
one of America’s most
popular news sites, and the
most popular among all the
nation’s newspapers,
receiving more than 30
million unique visitors per
month as reported in
January 2011.
The paper’s print version remains the
largest local metropolitan newspaper in the
United States and third-largest newspaper
overall, behind The Wall Street Journal and
USA Today. Following industry trends, its
weekday circulation has fallen to fewer
than one million daily since 1990.
Nicknamed The Gray Lady,
7. The Times is long regarded within the industry as a national
“newspaper of record”. It is owned by The New York Times
Company. Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., whose family has controlled
the paper since 1896, is both the paper’s publisher and the
company’s chairman. Its international version, formerly the
International Herald Tribune, is now called the International New
York Times.The paper’s motto, “All the News That’s Fit to Print”,
appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. Its website
has adapted it to “All the News That’s Fit to Click”. It is organized
into sections: News, Opinions, Business, Arts, Science, Sports,
Style, Home, and Features. The New York Times stayed with the
eight-column format for several years after most papers switched
to six, and was one of the last newspapers to adopt color
photography.
8. Bloomberg News (originally Bloomberg Business News) is an
international news agency headquartered in New York City and
a division of Bloomberg L.P. Content produced by Bloomberg News is
disseminated through Bloomberg Terminals, Bloomberg
Television, Bloomberg Radio, Bloomberg Businessweek, Bloomberg
Markets, Bloomberg.com, and Bloomberg's mobile platforms. Since
2015, John Micklethwait has served as editor-in-chief.[2]
Bloomberg News was founded by Michael Bloomberg and Matthew
Winkler in 1990 to deliver financial news reporting to Bloomberg Terminal
subscribers.[3]
The agency was established in 1990 with a team of six people.[4] Winkler
was first editor-in-chief.[5] In 2010, Bloomberg News included more than
2,300 editors and reporters in 72 countries and 146 news bureaus
worldwide.[6][7]
9.
10. The Daily Sabah (lit. "Daily Morning") is a Turkish [2] pro-
government daily newspaper,[3][4][5] published in Turkey. Available in
English, Arabic, and owned by Turkuvaz Media Group, Daily
Sabah published its first issue on 24 February 2014.[6][7] The editor-
in-chief is Ibrahim Altay.
The newspaper has been frequently called a propaganda outlet for
the Turkish government and the ruling Justice and Development
Party (AKP).[3][4][5][8] It is owned by a friend of Recep Tayyip
Erdoğan.[9] The newspaper describes itself as "committed to the
democracy, the rule of law, human rights and
liberty".[12] However, Daily Sabah is seen as a mouthpiece of the
AKP by Foreign Policy.[8]
According to the German newspaper Der Spiegel, Daily Sabah is
very critical of the Gulen movement, which the AKP government
accuses of trying to overthrow the government in an attempted coup
d'état in 2016.[13] Daily Sabah has been described as using
transparent and ill-formed, Turkish-style propaganda to advance the
AKP government's version of events by Der Spiegel.[13]
11. “Echo of Moscow” is a Soviet and Russian
24-hour news and talk radio station that
broadcast from 1990 to 2022. “Echo” first
aired on August 22, 1990 in Moscow under
the name “Radio-M” (“Radio-EM”, “Echo of
Moscow”)[4] on a frequency of 1206 kHz. The
station gained fame during the August Putsch
on August 19-21, 1991 - it was one of the few
that opposed the State Emergency
Committee in the early days. Resolution of
the State Emergency Committee No. 3 on the
suspension of the radio station was regarded
by the leaders of Echo as a high state award.
According to presenter and political observer
Alexei Venediktov, the special services made
several attempts to take the radio station off
the air, but its employees managed to
connect the studio to the transmitter via a
telephone line and continue broadcasting.
From the first day of its existence,
Ekho Moskvy adhered to one rule:
“All significant points of view on
events must be presented”[8].
Journalists from other media
outlets jokingly called “Echo of
Moscow” - “The Ear of
Moscow”[9].
12. The Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT;
Turkish: Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu) is the
national public broadcaster of Turkey, founded in 1964. TRT
was for many years the only television and radio provider in
Turkey. Before the introduction of commercial radio in 1990,
and subsequently commercial television in 1992, it held
a monopoly on broadcasting. More recent deregulation of the
Turkish television broadcasting market produced analogue
cable television. Today, TRT broadcasts around the world,
especially in Europe, Middle East, Africa, Asia, USA, and
Australia.
Around 70% of TRT's funding comes from a license tax on
television and radio receivers. Additionally, 2% TRT share
was added to the electricity bills until January 2022. As these
are hypothecated taxes, as opposed to the money allocated
to general government funds, the principle is similar to that of
the television licence levied in a number of other countries,
such as the BBC in the United Kingdom. The rest of TRT's
funding comes from government grants (around 20%), with
the final 10% coming from advertising.[1]
13. Voice of America (VOA) is the largest U.S. international
broadcaster, providing news and information in more than 40
languages to an estimated weekly audience of more than 326
million people. VOA produces content for digital, television,
and radio platforms. It is easily accessed via your mobile
phone and on social media. It is also distributed by satellite,
cable, FM and MW, and is carried on a network of more than
3,500 affiliate stations.
Since its creation in 1942, Voice of America has been
committed to providing comprehensive coverage of the news
and telling audiences the truth. Through World War II, the
Cold War, the fight against global terrorism, and the struggle
for freedom around the globe today, VOA exemplifies the
principles of a free press.
VOA is part of the U.S. Agency for Global Media (USAGM),
the government agency that oversees all non-military, U.S.
international broadcasting. It is funded by the U.S. Congress.
14. Ted Levitt is one of the most widely
respected thinkers in the field of
marketing and management. His
work and writings have changed
the way scores of companies think
about their businesses, organize
for innovation and creativity, and
market their products and services.
Now, managers can have access
to the best of Levitt's thinking over
the last five decades in "Ted Levitt
on Marketing". Framed by a new
introduction, this book features
seminal articles, including
"Marketing Success Through
Differentiation," "The Globalization
of Markets," "After the Sale Is
Over," and "Marketing Myopia." A
must-have resource for managers
and marketers in any industry, this
"Harvard Business Review
Paperback" book is filled with big
ideas and practical tools for
creating and sustaining a
company's competitive edge.
15. The mass media are seen today as playing a key role in
enhancing globalization, facilitating culture exchange
and multiple flows of information and image between
countries through international news broadcasts,
television programming, new technologies, film and
music. If before the 1990’s mainstream media systems
in most countries of the world were relatively national in
scope, since then most communication media have
become increasingly global, extending their reach
beyond the nation-state to conquer audiences
worldwide. International flows of information have been
largely assisted by the development of global
capitalism, new technologies and the increasing
commercialisation of global television, which has
occurred as a consequence of the deregulation policies
adopted by various countries in Europe and the US in
order to permit the proliferation of cable and satellite
channels.
16.
17. Different people define globalization differently. Some define
it as a set of processes changing thenature of human
interaction across a wide range of spheres including the
economic, political, social, technological, and
environmental. Furthermore, it is perceived as the process
of integration of the world community into a common
system either economic or social. It essentially means the
growing increase in the interconnectedness and
interdependences among the worlds regions, nations,
governments, business and institutions. Some others say, it
is a process, which engenders free flow of ideas, people,
goods, services and capital thereby fostering integration of
economies and societies. The most visible aspect of
globalization is the spread of information and
communication technologies. The advance in technology
has made available computer equipment, facsimile
machines, telex systems, and satellite communications, to
name a few. The advent of newspapers, television, and
radio and internet haven immensely helped in the spread to
information and has also helped bring people from different
parts of the world incontact with each other. Although they
have their own disadvantages, the advantages are many
