2. Functions of ophthalmic
standards
To provide a standard nomenclature,
definitions & terminology
To provide quality control
To provide protection for the public
3. Effectiveness of Standards
Standard setting bodies in the United
states are Voluntary,Nongovernmental
groups
Standards usually have an effect up on
trade,commerce,and public goods
ANSI procedure states that “Any
person,organization,company,government
agency,individual with direct have a right
to participate to the following things
4. ANSI states that…..
Expressing a position and its basis
Having that position considered
Appealing if adversely affected
FDA adopted the impact resistant testing of
ophthalmic lenses ANSI Z80.1.that is all
ophthalmic lenses dispensed in this country had
to meet this standard
OSHA adopted ANSI Z87.1 all industrial safety
eyewear must meet the standard
5. Continued….
GATT (General Agreement on Tariff & Trade)
standard code require s government to use
international code,national technical rules &
regulation concerning international trade
Purpose of these to eliminate technical barriers
to trade that may be caused by differences in
national laws,regulations & standards
There for GATT effectively gives ISO standards
the force of international law
6. American National Standards
Institute(ANSI)
ANSI plays an important role in the area of
ophthalmic products
It is nonprofit institute that accredits & approve
committees, which develop standards for
particular segment of products
No employees of ANSI participate in the work of
the committees
The committees are composed of professional
societies,trade associations,other organization &
individuals
7. Continued…
Each committee must meet the
requirements established by ANSI in order
to be accredited
Standards developed by each committee
must be shown to have met a consensus
Committee must be held open by ANSI for
public comment before the standards are
adopted
8. ANSI Z80
These standards relate to industrial
safety,safe use of lasers,sports protective
eye wear & the design of video display
work station
9. STANDARD DESCRIPTION
z80.1 PRESCRIPTION OPHTHALMIC LENSES
z80.2. FIRSTQUALITY RIGID CONTACTLENSES
z80.3 NON PRESCRIPTION SUN GLASSESS AND FASHION EYE WEAR
z80.4 CONTACTLENS ACESSORY SOLUTION FOR CONVENTIONAL CONTACTLENSES
z80.5 OPHTHALMIC FRAMES
z80.6 PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CONTACTLENS
z80.7 INTRAOCULAR LENS
z80.8 FIRSTQUALITIY SOFTCONTACTLENS
z80.9 LOW VISION AIDS
z87.1 OCUPATIONAL AND EDUCATION EYE AND FACE PROTECTION
z136.1 FOR THE SAFE USE OF LASERS
ANSI/ASTM SPECIFICATION FOR EYE AND FACE PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTFORHOCKEY PLAYE
F513-85 ANSI/ASTM SPECIFICATION FOR EYE PROTECTORS FOR USE IN RAQUETSPORTS
F803-85 ANSI/ASTM SPECIFICATION FOR SKIE GOGGLES
ANSI/HFS 100 HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING OF VDTWORK STATIONS
10. Clinical Standards Acceptable in
Practice
Spherical power difference ±0.12 Dsph for
low powers
Spherical power difference ±0.25Dsph for
high powers
Cylindrical power differance±0.12Dcyl for
low powers
Cylindrical power differance±0.25Dcyl for
high powers
11. Axis Difference Variation
Acceptable in Practice
Low power cylinder axis 5-10º
High power cylinder axis 5º
Oblique cylinder axis 2-5º
It will Vary the subjective response and
sensitivity of patient
12. Decenterd Optic Center
Acceptable in Practice
Low spherical powers
Low cylindrical powers
High spherical powers
High cylindrical powers
13. Impact Resistance Standard
FDA has no minimum thickness requirement for
safety lenses
Lens made from all the materials should pass
drop ball test
Thickness of the lens should be 1.5- 3mm
Polycarbonate lenses should have1.5 to <3mm
thickness
Nonprescription lenses should have 3mm
thickness
14. Industrial safety protection
standards for impact resistance
& industrial safety eyewear
According to OSHA
All lenses must be able to with stand the
impact resistance of 1-inch steel ball dropped
50 inches on to the lens front surface also
called(industrial drop ball test)
All lenses must have a minimum thickness of
3mm.
Lenses of power greater than +3diopter,in the
most plus meridian can have a minimum
thickness of 2.5mm
15. Industrial safety protection
standards for impact resistance
& industrial safety eyewear
All lenses must be permanently marked with the
monogram or trademark of optical laboratory
that edges the lenses
This provides proof to the customer that truly
industrial safety lens
General standards not follow for industrial safety
tinted lens,sunglass
Tints must be prescribed with a knowledge of
patients lighting and working condition
16. Industrial safety protection
standards for impact resistance
& industrial safety eyewear
Lenses of low transmittance should not be worn
indoors
Lightly tinted lenses for indoor use should be
prescribed only if the workplace has adequate
lighting or if glare problem
Sunglasses should not be worn by the operator
of vehicle with tinted wind shield
Sun glasses should not worn by driving at night
17. Industrial safety protection
standards for impact resistance
& industrial safety eyewear
Older patients with decreased media
transmittance should not worn tinted lenses
Photo chromatic lenses prohibited in situation
where use of lens could present a hazard by
OSHA
Industrial safety spectacle frames for use in
prescription eyewear must meet high mass-low
velocity,low mass-high velocity impact
resistance,flammability standards& corrosion
standards
18. Industrial safety protection
standards for impact resistance
& industrial safety eyewear
All industrial safety frames must be
marked with frame “A” “DBL”,overall
temple length,& all frames must be
marked with”Z87” to indicate
compliance with standard
Polycarbonate is the best lens material
to use in industrial safety eyewear
19. Industrial safety protection
standards for impact resistance
& industrial safety eyewear
According to ANSI
All protective lenses must meet high mass
& low mass impact resistance
standards,penetration resistance
standards & filter minimum thickness
requirement & standard for prism
refractive power
error,transmittance,corrosion resistance
,flammability resistance,haze & definition
20. Ophthalmic lenses in sports
Appropriate lens material for sports
protection is poly carbonate
Sports frames should make from injection
molded polycarbonate
According to ASTM (American Society for
Testing Material)best recommendation for
type of spectacle frame use in sports is
frame no rimless
21. Legal considerations
Be familiar with the current ANSI
Recommend polycarbonate to
Athletes
Monocular patients
Amblyopes
patients with hazardous occupation
Children
Take care full case histories to determine
patients have special need for eye protection
Discuss the properties of different lens material
22. Legal considerations
Recommend special eye and face protectors for
sports
When prescribing specially designed protectors
for sports that must be meet the standards
Maintain records
Avoid the term using “unbreakable” use the term
“impact resistant”
Do not guarantee the lenses are unbreakable
23. Legal considerations
Optometrist are the people recommend lens
materials & sports protectors to the patients
Always verify all spectacle before dispensing
If a manufacturer of frames or lenses supplies
warning about the product ,be sure to pass the
warning to patient
Never place industrial safety lenses in dress
safety frames or dress safety lenses in an
industrial safety frame
24. Optimum sunglass lens
Reduce the solar ambient luminance for
optimum visual comfort & visual performance
Elimination of the optical spectrum not required
for vision that serves as a hazard to the eye
Maintenance of a optimum dark adaptation or
night vision
Maintenance of normal color vision.traffic signal
lights must be able to seen quickly and correctly
Minimum care & increased resistance against
impact & scratching
25. Absorptive lenses
These lenses selectively transmit potion of
the optical spectrum with transmittance &
reflectance characteristics providing the
hue or color of the lens
These lenses do not add light but reduce
the absorbed wavelength from total light
available
26. Neutral lenses
These lenses absorb almost equally across
the VIS spectrum and appear grey in color
It prevent color distortion because they
transmit almost evenly across the VIS
spectrum
27. Polarized filter lenses
These lenses are constructed by stretching
a thin polyvinyl film that contains iodine
and quinine compounds crystal placed
between two thin glass or plastic lenses
The color of the lens is derived from the
glass or plastic
The transmittance of polarizing lenses
variable & depend on the degree & plane
of polarization the incident light
28. Reflecting filter
Manufactured by vacuum deposition of
metallic coatings on a glass or plastic
substrate
Metallic filters are the preferred method to
control IR
29. Recommended standard for the
optical spectrum
Spectrum Wave band Standard
UVC 290-315nm 0.1micro W/cm2
UVB
UVA 320-400 nm 1mw/cm2
VIS 380-760 nm 1cd/cm2
IR 700-1400 nm 10mw/cm2