Personal protection in the work environment, Types of PPEs, Personal protective equipmentrespiratory and non-respiratory equipment. Standards related to PPEs. Monitoring Safety Performance: Frequency rate, severity rate, incidence rate, activity rate. Housekeeping: Responsibility of management and employees. Advantages of good housekeeping. 5 s of housekeeping. Work permit system- objectives, hot work and cold work permits. Typical industrial models and methodology. Entry into confined spaces.

1. MCN401 INDUSTRIAL
SAFETY ENGINERING
MODULE 2
Personal protection in work environment
Mr. Joe Jeba Rajan K
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Rajadhani Institute of Engineering & Technology, Nagaroor

2. PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT
What is PPE?
• Personal protective equipment
protects workers from serious
workplace injuries or illnesses
resulting from physical, electrical,
mechanical, chemical, or other
workplace hazards. It include items
such as
1. Safety Helmets
2. Gloves
3. Eye Protection
4. High-Visibility Clothing
5. Safety Footwear
6. Safety Harnesses
7. Respiratory Protective Equipment
(RPE).

3. PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT
What is PPE?
• The primary approach in any safety
effort is that the hazard to the workmen
should be eliminated or controlled by
engineering methods rather than
protecting the workmen through use of
personal protective equipment (PPE).
• Engineering methods could include
• Design change
• Substitution
• Ventilation
• Mechanical handling
• Automation, etc.
• In situations where it is not possible to
introduce any effective engineering
methods for controlling hazards, the
workman shall use appropriate types of
PPE.

4. PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT
WHY IS PPE IMPORTANT?
Even where engineering controls and safe
systems of work have been applied, some
hazards might remain. These include injuries to:
• the lungs, e.g. from breathing in contaminated air;
• the head and feet, e.g. from falling materials;
• the eyes, e.g. from flying particles or splashes of
corrosive liquids;
• the skin, e.g. from contact with corrosive
materials;
• the body, e.g. from extremes of heat or cold.
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET

5. SELECTION AND USE PPE
Employers should ask themselves the following questions:
• Nature and severity of the hazard,
• Type of contaminant, its concentration and location of contaminated
area with respect to the source of respirable air,
• Expected activity of workman and duration of work,
• Comfort of workman when using PPE,
• Operating characteristics and limitations of PPE,
• Ease of maintenance and cleaning,
• Conformity to Indian/International standards and availability of test
certificate.
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET

6. INDIAN STANDARD CODE OF PPE
PPE must meet the following criteria with regard to its quality
• provide absolute and full protection against possible hazard
• it be so designed and manufactured out of such material that it can withstand the hazard
against which it is intended to be used.
IS code for PPE’s & safety equipment.
Helmet-2925
Safety shoes – 15298
Ear plugs – 9167
Hand gloves – 6994
Goggles – 5983
Full body harness – 3521
Welding face shield 8521
Scaffolding – 3696
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET

7. INDIAN STANDARD CODE OF PPE
PPE must meet the following criteria with regard to its quality
• provide absolute and full protection against possible hazard
• it be so designed and manufactured out of such material that it can withstand the hazard
against which it is intended to be used.
HEAD PROTECTION PPE’S IS CODE
• Workmen exposed to hazardous situations where there is a
possibility of objects falling or their bumping into suspended or
projected fixtures, as in construction work, tree trimming,
mining, overhead line construction or maintenance, metal or
chemical plants, etc., must be provided head protection.
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET

8. INDIAN STANDARD CODE OF PPE
Broadly this protection consists of safety helmets, caps, hairnets,
turbans, etc.
Helmets are classified into the following two types:
• full brimmed type helmet.
• brimless with peak.
Further broken down into four classes:
1. Class A - Limited voltage resistance for general services.
2. Class B - High voltage resistance.
3. Class C - No voltage protection (metallic helmets).
4. Class D - Limited protection for fire fighting.
HEAD PROTECTION PPE’S IS CODE Full brimmed type helmet.
Brimless with peak.
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET

9. INDIAN STANDARD CODE OF PPE
Specifications for Helmets
1. IS CODE 2745: 1983 – Specification for non-metal helmet for firemen and civil
defense personnel.
2. IS CODE 2925: 1984 – Specification Industrial safety helmet.
3. IS CODE 4151: 1993 – Specification for protective helmets for scooter and
motorcycle riders.
HEAD PROTECTION PPE’S IS CODE
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET

10. INDIAN STANDARD CODE OF PPE
BODY PROTECTION PPE’S IS CODE
• There are many varieties of protective clothing available for specific hazards.
• Examples of the body/skin protection include
• Uniforms, caps, or other clothing worn solely to identify a person as an
employee would not be considered PPE.
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET
Laboratory
coats
Coveralls Jackets Aprons
Surgical
gowns
Full Body
Suits.

11. INDIAN STANDARD CODE OF PPE
BODY PROTECTION PPE’S IS CODE
1. IS CODE 3521: 1999 – Industrial safety belt and harness.
2. IS CODE 4501: 1981 – Specification for aprons.
3. IS CODE 6153: 1971 – Protective leather clothing.
4. IS CODE 7352: 1974 – X-ray lead protective aprons.
5. IS CODE 8519: 1977 – Guide for selection industrial safety equipment for
the body.
6. IS CODE 8990: 1978 – Code of practice for care and maintenance of
industrial safety clothing
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET

12. INDIAN STANDARD CODE OF PPE
• In some operations it is necessary to choose PPE that
will cover the entire face to protect against mechanical
injury, chemicals, rays etc
EYE AND FACE PROTECTION PPE’S IS CODE
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET

13. INDIAN STANDARD CODE OF PPE
1. GENERAL SAFETY GLASSES
 Must have side shields, or a one-piece lens that wraps around the
temple.
 Are the minimum level of eye protection that must be worn in the
laboratory.
 Are not effective in protecting the eyes from splashes, and are only
recommended for use with solutions that are not likely to damage
the eye, such as some buffers and salts.
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET

14. INDIAN STANDARD CODE OF PPE
2. LASER SAFETY GLASSES
 Selection is based on the laser wavelength and power.
 Protective properties can be found printed on the eyewear.
 Are not as effective as laser safety goggles at filtering all light
entering the eyes.
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET

15. INDIAN STANDARD CODE OF PPE
3. CHEMICAL SPLASH GOGGLES
 Are recommended any time a splash of chemicals or
infectious substances could reach the eyes.
 Can act as impact goggles to prevent flying debris from
reaching the eyes.
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET

16. INDIAN STANDARD CODE OF PPE
4. IMPACT GOGGLES
 Offer protection from flying debris only.
 Often have ventilation holes on the sides that render the
user susceptible to chemical splashes and dust or small
debris.
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET

17. INDIAN STANDARD CODE OF PPE
5. FACE SHIELDS
 Required when splashes from chemicals that can cause
immediate skin damage are handled (e.g. working with
concentrated acids, dispensing liquid nitrogen, sonicating tissue
samples, etc.).
 Shall be worn in conjunction with chemical splash goggles.
Respiratory protective equipment might be required, depending
on the task;
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET

18. INDIAN STANDARD CODE OF PPE
 Hearing protectors are required to prevent
noise induced hearing loss.
 Hearing protection devices reduce the
noise energy reaching and causing
damage to the inner ear.
 Ear muffs and earplugs are the most
common types of PPE.
EAR PROTECTION PPE’S IS CODE
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET

19. INDIAN STANDARD CODE OF PPE
Typical Hearing Protection Devices
1. Pre-molded Ear Plugs - Come in different sizes and
shapes to fit different sized ear canals. They have virtually no
expansion or contraction, so obtaining a good seal with the
ear canal may be challenging.
2. Formable or Foam Ear Plugs - When placed in the ear
correctly, this type of ear plug, will expand to fill the ear
canal and seal against the walls. This expansion allows foam
ear plugs to fit ear canals of different sizes.
EAR PROTECTION PPE’S IS CODE
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET

20. INDIAN STANDARD CODE OF PPE
Typical Hearing Protection Devices
3. Ear Muffs - These devices fit against the head and enclose the
entire perimeter of the external ear. The inside of the muff cup is
lined with acoustic foam, which reduces noise. Their
effectiveness depends on how tight the seal is between the foam
cushion and the head.
4. Hearing Bands or Canal Caps - These devices cover the ear
canal at its opening. They do not provide as much of a seal inside
the ear canal and generally provide less protection than ear muffs
or plugs, so they are typically not recommended.
EAR PROTECTION PPE’S IS CODE
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET

21. INDIAN STANDARD CODE OF PPE
• 1. IS CODE 6229 : 1980 – Methods for measurement of real-ear
protection of hearing protectors and physical attenuation of ear muffs.
• 2. IS CODE 8520 : 1977 – Guide for selection of industrial safety
equipment for eye, face and ear protection.
• 3. IS CODE 9167 : 1779 – Specification for ear protectors.
EAR PROTECTION PPE’S IS CODE
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET

22. Monitoring
Safety Performance
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET

23. Monitoring Safety Performance
Safety performance monitoring and measurement represents the means to verify the
safety performance of the organisation and to validate the effectiveness of safety risk
Controls.
There are two types of reporting systems:
• Mandatory incident or occurrence reporting systems, which require the reporting
of certain types of events, such as serious incidents and accidents;
• Voluntary incident or occurrence reporting systems, which allow for the
submission of information related to observed hazards or inadvertent errors without
a legal requirement to do so.
Other sources of safety information
• Safety audits and informal inspections
• Safety surveys
• Safety occurrence reporting
• Investigation of safety occurrences
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET

24. Monitoring Safety Performance
Important Parameters used under Safety Monitoring
1. Frequency rate
• The frequency rate is the number of occupational accidents ( work stopped
more than one day) arisen during a period of 12 months by one million hours
worked, while the frequency index is the number of occupational accidents for
1000 employees.
“How many Lost Time Injuries happened per 10 Lakhs hrs worked for one year “
FR =
𝑵𝒐: 𝒐𝒇 𝑹𝒆𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒋𝒖𝒓𝒚 ×𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑴𝒂𝒏−𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒔 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌𝒆𝒅
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET

25. Monitoring Safety Performance
Important Parameters used under Safety Monitoring
2. Severity Rate
“No of days lost because of injuries per 10 Lakhs man – hrs. Worked”
SR =
𝑴𝒂𝒏−𝒅𝒂𝒚𝒔 𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒅𝒖𝒆 𝒕𝒐 𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒋𝒖𝒓𝒚 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑴𝒂𝒏−𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒔 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌𝒆𝒅
3. Incidence Rate
“A mathematical calculation that describes the number of recordable incident
per 1000 full-time employees in any given time frame”
𝐈𝐑 =
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕 − 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒋𝒖𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑨𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒏𝒐: 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒐𝒚𝒆𝒅
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET

26. Monitoring Safety Performance
Important Parameters used under Safety Monitoring
4. Frequency Severity Indicator
“This is the square root of Disabling Injury Index. It gives combined effect of
frequency and severity rate”
FSI = (𝐒𝐑 × 𝐅𝐑)/𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET

27. Monitoring Safety Performance
Significance of Parameters
• The Frequency Rate indicates how many injuries happened for every 10 lakh
hours worked over the past year which caused time lost.
• An increased Frequency Rate indicates that the company experienced a
higher number of injuries which caused time lost.
• The Severity Rate indicates the number of working days lost per 1000000
hours of work due to accidents.
• Higher severity rate indicates that the loss of working days is higher due to
accidents.
• Incident Rate gives the number of employees involved in a recordable injury
or illness.
• As Incident Rate increases the number employees involved in accidents is also
increases thus causing time and capital loss for the company.

28. A
CLEAN
WORK
AREA
HOUSEKEEPING
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET
IS A
SAFE
WORK
AREA

29. HOUSEKEEPING
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET
Why should we pay attention to housekeeping at work?
• Effective housekeeping can help control or eliminate workplace hazards.
• Poor housekeeping practices frequently contribute to incidents.
• Housekeeping is not just cleanliness. It includes keeping work areas neat and
orderly, maintaining halls and floors free of slip and trip hazards, and
removing of waste materials (e.g., paper, cardboard) and other fire hazards
from work areas.
• Effective housekeeping is an ongoing operation: it is not a one-
time or hit-and-miss cleanup done occasionally

30. HOUSEKEEPING
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET
PURPOSE OF WORKPLACE HOUSEKEEPING
Poor housekeeping can be a cause of incidents, such as:
• slipping over loose objects on floors, stairs and platforms
• being hit by falling objects
• slipping on greasy, wet or dirty surfaces
• striking against projecting, poorly stacked items or misplaced material
• cutting, puncturing, or tearing the skin of hands or other parts of the body on
projecting nails, wire or steel strapping

31. HOUSEKEEPING
BENEFITS OF GOOD HOUSEKEEPING PRACTICES
Effective housekeeping results in:
1. reduced handling to ease the flow of materials
2. fewer tripping and slipping incidents in clutter-free and
spill-free work areas
3. lower worker exposures to hazardous products (e.g. dusts,
vapours)
4. better control of tools and materials, including inventory
and supplies
5. more efficient equipment cleanup and maintenance
6. decreased fire hazards

32. HOUSEKEEPING
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET
BENEFITS OF GOOD HOUSEKEEPING PRACTICES
Effective housekeeping results in:
7. better hygienic conditions leading to improved health
8. more effective use of space
9. reduced property damage by improving preventive maintenance
10. improved morale
11. improved productivity (tools and materials will be easy to find)

33. HOUSEKEEPING
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET
PLAN A GOOD HOUSEKEEPING PROGRAM
• A good housekeeping program plans and manages the orderly storage
and movement of materials from point of entry to exit.
• It includes a material flow plan to ensure minimal handling. The plan also
makes sure that work areas are not used as storage areas by having
workers move materials to and from work areas as needed.
• Part of the plan could include investing in extra bins and more frequent
disposal.

34. HOUSEKEEPING (HK)
PLAN A GOOD HK PROGRAM
• Worker training is an essential part of any good HK program.
A good housekeeping program identifies and assigns responsibilities for the
following:
1. clean up during the shift
2. day-to-day cleanup
3. waste disposal
4. removal of unused materials
5. inspection to ensure cleanup is complete

35. HOUSEKEEPING (HK)
ELEMENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE HK PROGRAM
1. Maintenance
• Maintenance involves keeping buildings, equipment and machinery in
safe, efficient working order and in good repair.
• It includes maintaining sanitary facilities and regularly painting and
cleaning walls.
• Broken windows, damaged doors, defective plumbing and broken floor
surfaces can make a workplace look neglected; these conditions can
cause incidents and affect work practices

36. HOUSEKEEPING (HK)
ELEMENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE HK PROGRAM
2. Dust and Dirt Removal
• Enclosures and exhaust ventilation
systems may fail to collect dust, dirt and
chips adequately.
• Vacuum cleaners are suitable for
removing light dust and dirt that is not
otherwise hazardous.
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET

37. HOUSEKEEPING (HK)
ELEMENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE HK PROGRAM
3. Employee Facilities
• Lockers may be necessary for storing employees' personal belongings.
• Washroom facilities require cleaning once or more each shift. They also need to have a
good supply of soap, towels plus disinfectants, if needed.
4. Surfaces
• Poor floor conditions are a leading cause of incidents so cleaning up spilled oil and
other liquids at once is important.
• Walls: Light-coloured walls reflect light while dirty or dark-coloured walls absorb
light. Contrasting colours warn of physical hazards and mark obstructions

38. HOUSEKEEPING (HK)
Responsibility of Housekeeping Manager in HK
• checking that rooms are cleaned to a high standard
• drawing up a shift for staff
• hiring and training new employees
• stocktaking and ordering cleaning equipment, linen and room supplies
• checking for faults or damage and arranging repairs and routine maintenance work
• managing budgets and controlling costs
• making sure staff work to health and safety rules

39. HOUSEKEEPING (HK)
5 s of
housekeeping

40. HOUSEKEEPING (HK)
5 s of housekeeping
• To have an organised and efficiently running factory, we need
to know that
1. everything has a place
2. is in that place and
3. is clean and ready for use
• this is the basic premise for the Lean manufacturing tools we
use to implement Lean housekeeping.
• 5S is a systematic approach to good housekeeping.
• While there are many interpretations of the original Toyota
definitions

41. HOUSEKEEPING (HK)
5 s of housekeeping

42. HOUSEKEEPING (HK)
5 s of housekeeping
1. Sort – go through everything; throw away rubbish, archive
old stuff you may need, decide what you need in that area on
a daily and weekly basis. Everything else must be removed.
Sentiment can not play a part here – this is a manufacturing
environment
2. Set in Order – take the items you need in that area on a
daily or weekly basis and find the best homes for them; label,
mark locations, colour code – make it clear to anyone
entering the area what should be where

43. HOUSEKEEPING (HK)
5 s of housekeeping
3. Shine & Clean – as you are setting a location for
each item, give it a wipe and check it is good working
order. Any broken item needs to be fixed. If your
working area is particularly dirty, more time needs to be
set aside so a thorough clean can be completed.
These first three steps will get you well on your way to visually improving your
factory.
The Challenge is to Maintain this New Level of Organization , This is where
the “Standardization” and “Sustaining” come into play,

44. HOUSEKEEPING (HK)
5 s of housekeeping
4. Standardization – the new arrangement and level of cleanliness is our new
standard for each area. Take photos and display in the area; talk about the
5S activities in your toolbox talks and daily meetings; share ideas across the
factory.

45. HOUSEKEEPING (HK)
5 s of housekeeping
5. Sustain
• if the first 4 S’s have been done well, sustaining the cleanliness and
origination becomes simpler as it is clear where everything goes and each
person working in an area knows where to return things at the end of the job
or end of the shift.
• Using simple audits, we can track how we are going to maintaining our 5S
baseline on a weekly basis and to also note the areas of improvement we
need to make in the week ahead.

46. HOUSEKEEPING (HK)
5S
SUMMARY
TABLE

47. JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET

48. WORK PERMIT SYSTEM
• Permit to Work is a systematic process used to authorize controlled work in
nonstandard, potentially hazardous conditions.
• The process includes risk assessment, establishment of safety protocol,
communication and oversight to minimize Environment, Health, Safety &
Sustainability risks.
Key Elements of Permit to Work Systems
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET
•Determine hazardous areas
•Determine types of work considered hazardous
•Identify the scope of work and associated risks
•Designate a person to authorize hazardous work
•Designate people to conduct the work safely
•Ensure proper training and instruction
•Communicate protocol to on-site or off-site
workers daily
•Determine permitted duration of hazardous tasks
•Establish a protocol for Simultaneous Operations
(SIMOPS)
•Monitor and audit Permit to Work systems

49. WORK PERMIT SYSTEM
General principles
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET
The following aspects should be considered with respect to Permit to Work Systems:
• Human factors;
• Poorly skilled work force;
• Unconscious and conscious incompetence;
• Objectives of the work permit system;
• Types of work permits required; and
• Contents of the work permits.

50. WORK PERMIT SYSTEM
General principles
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET
Issues that may contribute towards a major accident or hazard:
• Failing of the site safety management system;
• Failure to recognise a hazard before and during maintenance;
• Failure to comply with the work permit system in hazardous environments; and
• Communication failure during the use of a work permit system.

51. WORK PERMIT SYSTEM
General principles
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET
Major hazards could arise from the following:
• Wrong type of work permit used;
• Wrong information about work required on the work permit;
• Failure to recognise the hazards where work is carried out (e.g. flammable substances);
• Introduction of ignition source in controlled flameproof area (e.g. welding, non spark-
proof tools, non-intrinsically safe equipment used in intrinsically safe zones);
• Terms of work permit not adhered to (e.g. failure to isolate plant and/or drain lines of
hazardous substances);
• Failure to hand-over plant in safe condition on completion of work/cancelling of work
permit;
• Unauthorized staff performing work permit functions;
• Poor management of the work permit system; and
• Insufficient monitoring of the work permit system.

52. WORK PERMIT SYSTEM
JOE JEBA RAJAN K, Ast Prof , RIET
Hot work and cold work permits are work permits that authorize controlled work in
nonstandard, potentially hazardous conditions. They consist of specific instructions
regarding the nature of the job, time and place, and communicate information regarding
safety procedures.
Hot work and Cold work permits
Hot Work Permits
Hot work permits are red-colored permits used to authorize work that will generate heat or
sparks, such as:
1. Welding
2. Drilling
3. Grinding
4. Riveting
5. Cutting
6. Use of internal combustion
engines

53. WORK PERMIT SYSTEM
Cold Work Permits
Cold work permits are green colored permits issued for hazardous maintenance work that does
not involve the ignition hazards found in hot work.
There are several types of cold work jobs happening in plants:
1. Rolling
2. Spinning
3. Drawing
4. Extruding
5. Pressing
In a typical working environment, cold work activities involve working on pipelines, adding
values, spades or blanks, erecting scaffolding, adding insulation, or involving any mechanical or
civil maintenance work without using any flaming materials.

54. WORK PERMIT SYSTEM
Cold Work Permits
There are several types of cold work jobs happening in plants:
1. Rolling
2. Spinning

55. WORK PERMIT SYSTEM
Cold Work Permits
There are several types of cold work jobs happening in plants:
• Drawing
• Extruding
• Pressing

56. WORK PERMIT SYSTEM
Need of a Cold Work Permit
• To put it simply, a cold work permit is essential for the safety of both the
workers involved in the job as well as those in the vicinity.
• In a volatile atmosphere, a simple overlook of the permit protocols can lead to
disastrous results.
• Even when there’s no risk of ignition involved, the use of heavy machinery and
handling of toxic or dangerous metals and chemicals will pose a risk to
everyone in the facility.

57. WORK PERMIT SYSTEM
Types of Cold Works That Require Permits
some of the standard cold works that happen in an industry:
1. Energized electrical work
2. Movement of heavy
equipment within a plant or a
location
3. Working from heights
4. Confined space cold works
5. Jobs involving toxic
substances
6. Jobs involving radiation
sources
7. Underwater cold works
8. Excavation activities
9. Sandblasting
10.Hydro blasting

58. WORK PERMIT SYSTEM
Types of Cold Works That Require Permits
Energized
electrical
work
Confined
space cold
works
Sandblasting
Hydro
blasting