selection of frame & lens on basic of occupation & age knowledge

1. Selection of frame and lens on basic
of occupation and age
RAY ARBIND & VINITKUMAR
Optometrist,SCEH

2. Spectacle frame
• A portion of the spectacles that holds the lens
in their proper position before the eyes
• Rests on the nose, balance on the ears and
anchor around the ears

3. Importance of frame Selection
• Value for expertly prescribed spectacle lenses
• Vision and comfort
• Good cosmetic appearance
• Frame Adjustment
• Professional accordingly

4. Frame Selection
According to Demand
• Age group: Small children, young adult, old adult
• Profession: House wife, shopkeeper,medical
practitioner, drivers,field worker
• Refractive error: minus vs plus, low vs high.
• Special purpose frame: ptosis frame , sport
spectacles

5. Cont..
According to Purpose
•
•
•
•
Prescription lens wear
Protective eye wear
Sports eye wear
Cosmetic eye wear

6. Properties of ideal frame materials
• Non-allergic
• Non-inflammable
• Inexpencive
• Durable
• Adjustable

7. Driver
• it is common for the vision standard to be at least 6/12
on the Snellen chart with both eyes open or in the only
eye if monocular
• When wearing spectacles for driving, it is highly
recommended that users have an anti-reflection
coating applied to reduce the effects of glare.
• Plastic lens materials should be given
• Avoid full frame and small frame to avoid ring scotoma
Frame selection according to Ocupation

8. Train Driver
• Train driver will be required to have visual acuity of 6/9
in the better eye and 6/12 in the other eye and Normal
colour vision
• Train drivers will almost driving in differing climates
and light conditions, therefore arrangements should be
made to cover all eventualities.
• It is recommended that a train driver has a pair of
spectacles
• With an additional pair of tinted lens

9. Pilots
• The entry requirements for the aviation pilots require a
visual acuity, with spectacles or contact lenses, to be 6/9
in each eye with an ability to see 6/6
• Generally grey or brown tint should be given,but not
darker than 80%.
• Polarised filter is introduced the light in one direction
• To deal with those who are presbyopic progressive lens
allows a pilot to see at distance, intermediate and near
• Plastic frame will be preffered

10. Factory workers
• Many people such as engineers, processing, cleaners,
craftsmen etc. will work in a factory environment.
• For worker work in hot climate,frames made from
optyl,Kevlar or rubber are better
• In chemical factory workers frames from polyamide is
better option
• In terms of ‘safety’ spectacles, they will have side
shields attached to the sides of the frame to avoid
any foreign objects entering the eye
• The lenses supplied will be CR39,polycarbonate or
Trivex

11. Office Workers
• The modern day in offices have become extremely reliant
upon the use of computers
• Not enough breaks can lead to dry eyes as a result of
insufficient blinking ARC is strongly recommended
• When an office worker reaches presbyopia,Progressive
lenses may achieve favourable results
• Plastic Lens materials will be preffered
• Frame should be of plastic as well metal materials

12. Teachers/Lecturers/Presenters
• For people who have various visual requirements it
can be beneficial to have multiple pairs of spectacles
• In the classroom teachers
standing,looking,walking,writing on the board
therefore distance and near correction will be
essential, as well as intermediate
• Progressive lenses should be the first consideration

13. Shop workers
• Shop workers will have various visual requirements
depending on their duties.
• Progressive glass will be more useful than bifocal
glass
• Glass materials should be given in metal as well
plastic frame

14. Outdoor Activities
• Occupations where much of the working day will
be spent outdoors will require single vision as
well bifocal according to the need.
• For people such as gardeners, traffic, police, road
workers etc.,such as photochromic lenses and
plastic frame should be considered
• When photochromic lenses are exposed to UV
rays they darken and provide visual comfort in
direct sunlight.
• Tint became fades when moving to indoors and
almost clear at night.

15. Welders
• Person who have hobbies of welding including car
repair could be involved.
• A variety of radiation hazards are presented
• The protection recommended can be in the form of
goggles, helmets or face shields are routinely worn
during welding
• These may provide head,eyes and neck protection
from the intense radiation.

16. Electrician
• Plastic frame will the first choice
• Metal frame should be avoided when
electrical hazard are present
• Side shields are necessary when eye injuries
from the side are possible

17. Sport Person
• Polycarbonate is a material usually associated with lenses
• Frames made from polycarbonate are primarily for sport or
safety purposes.
• When made for non-prescription purposes, wraparound
frame and plano power are molded as one unit
• Unfortunately, polycarbonate frames do not work well for
conventional eyeglasses because of their resistance to
adjustment

18. Swimming
• Water gets in the eyes and water changes the
refractive power of normal spectacles
• Use swimming goggles. Goggles may be fit
with powered lenses
• Contact lenses may be worn underneath
plano goggles.
• Use a goggle with back-surface antifogging
properties

19. Boating
• Glare from the water
• Use a polarizing lens, which also blocks UV
light.
• Use a sunglass lens that cuts out all UV light
up to 400 nm.
• Use thermosetting frame materials and plastic
lens materials

20. Mountain Climbing
• Increased exposure to UV radiation beacouse of of
less atmospheric absorption
• Brightness of outdoor environment is more
• Use UV-absorbing goggles that eliminate all
wavelengths up to 400 nm.
• For high altitudes where brightness is excessive, use
sun lenses with approximately 5% transmission and a
wraparound design or use sunglasses with side
shields

21. Frames selection in Special Cases
• Pediatrics
• Geriatrics
• High refractive errors
• Ptosis

22. Frames for Paediatrics
– Safety should be the main
concern
– Sturdy
– Riding bow temple
– Comfort temple with rope
tied behind head
– Spring temple
– Plastic frame
– Polycarboante or CR-39 lens
are the lens for choice

23. Frames for Geriatrics
• Light weight frame
• Light weight lens
materials
• Adequate size of bridge
• Relatively larger frame
• Large and adjustable
nose pads

24. Frames for High Myopia
• Small, round frame
shapes
• Plastic frame
• Avoid rimless
• Reduce the vertex
distance

25. Aphakia and High Hyperopia
•Sturdy, light weight,
easily adjustable frame
•Avoid frames with thick
wires – increase ring scotoma
•Adjustable pads
•Select frame with
relatively small eye size
with symmetrical lens

26. Ptosis Frame
Ptosis frames have a
wire or plastic crutch
attached to the top eye-
wire to support the
drooping eyelid.

27. Half eye Frame
• Half-eyes are frames
made especially for those
who need a reading
correction but no
correction for distance
• Constructed to sit lower
on the nose than normal
glasses
• Just to look under the
lens for reading

28. Common Maladjustment and their
Remedies
condition Possible causes Remedy
Pads dig in to nose Pads too tight or small,
small bridge
Widen distance of pads,
large pads
Spectacle slide down on
nose
Pads do not fit flatly
against nose
Correct pads, make temple
shorter
Lashes touches lenses Temples too short Longer temple
Eye wire touch cheeks Too great distance
between pads
Too great pantoscopic tilt
Lenses too large vertically
Brings pad closer
Reduce pantoscopic tilt
Smaller eye size
Temple heart behind Ear Tension too great Larger temple

29. Allergic reactions to frame materials
• To reduce the possibility of a reaction for people who have a history of
skin reactions to wearing frames
• Use frame materials that are known to be hypoallergenic
• Optyl material,Polyamide,Titanium,Stainless steel should be mainly
preffered
• If a person has an allergic reaction to nosepads,Gold-plated metal
nosepads,Titanium nosepads,Crystal nosepads should be replaced to
aliminate the problem
• For allergic reactions to metal temples, use a temple cover
• Temple covers come in plastic, vinyl, and silicone materials

30. Lens Types
Single vision lenses
• A single vision lens has the same focal power across the
entire lens surface
• Use to correct myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism
Bifocal lenses
• A bifocal lens consists of two parts: the upper segment is
used for distance vision and the lower segment for near
vision

31. Trifocal lenses
• A tri-focal lens is similar to a bifocal with the addition of a
third segment generally incorporating intermediate
power
Progressive Lenses
• A progressive power lens has no dividing lines as the
focus changes
• Visual comfort at all distances; distance, intermediate
and reading
Enhanced reading lenses
• An enhanced reading lens provides a greater depth of
focus than conventional single vision lenses for reading
• Offers more flexibility in near working distance

32. Lens Materials
Crown Glass
• Glass is used infrequently nowadays although still
available for those who have a preference
• It should never beused for children or monocular
patients
• Having refractive index of 1.52 and Abbe number 60
Advantage
Scratch resistant
Disadvantage
Impact resistant
High specific gravity 2.54

33. Columbia Resin-39
• CR39 is plastic materials.it is the most commonly
used lens material
• Having refractive index 1.49 and Abbe value 54-50
Advantage
Impact resistant
Low specific gravity 1.32
Disadvantage
scratch resistant

34. Polycarbonate
• Polycarbonate is plastic materials,lighter in weight
• Used in safety spectacles and for children’s
spectacles.
• Having refractive index of 1.58 and Abbe number 28-
30
Advantage
Impact resistant
Low specific gravity 1.21
Disadvantage
scratch resistant

35. Trivex
• Trivex is plastic materials,thinner and lighter lens and
more impact resistant (similar
• Good optical properties and UV absorption
• Having refractive index of 1.54 nad Abbe number 45
Advantage
Impact resistant
Low specific gravity 1.11
Disadvantage
Scratch resistant

36. Thank you