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SEMINAR PAPER
INTERACTIVE ONLINE PhD
COURSE: Project Management
TOPIC: Artificial Intelligence in Project Management
Sulaiman Elrajoubi
September2019

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AFFIDAVIT
By inserting a seminar paper into the Student Information System of LIGS University, I
(Sulaiman Elrajoubi) - an Interactive Online PhD student, honestly declare that I have
prepared this seminar paper myself with the help of my lecturer and using only the literature
presented in the paper. I further confirm that I have no objection to the lending or publication
of this seminar paper or part thereof with the approval of LIGS University.
ANNOTATION
Project management as an activity is experiencing a progressive stage of development as
of result of the computerized era. Among other things, this has provoked project managers
to find new and inventive methods and techniques to help them perform their tasks more
effectively through the utilize of innovation.
Use of Artificial intelligence (AI) in project management is a field which needs to be more
investigated and explored, especially considering the exceptional the use of digital new
tools.
This article will give a good overview and an assessment into how Artificial intelligence
systems can be used in project management, and how AI can support project managers in
their daily work to make and how to avoid project problems.
KEY WORDS
- Artificial Intelligence (AI)
- Decision-Making Algorithms
- Data Based Project Management
- Machine Learning-Based Project Management
- Project Management Challenges
- Project Management Future
- Project Success Prediction

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................3
2. PROJECT MANAGEMENT...............................................................................................5
2.1. Fundamentals of Project Management..................................................................5
2.2. Future of Project Management ..............................................................................5
3. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI):………………………...................………………….……6
3.1. What is Artificial Intelligence......................................................................................7
3.2. Types of AI Systems..................................................................................................7
3.3. Artificial Intelligence current use in Project Management.........................................8
4. IMPLEMENTING AI FOR PROJECT MANAGERS IN ORGANIZATIONS ......................10
5. CHALLENGES FOR THE SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF AI IN PROJECT
MANAGEMENT ...................................................................................................................12
6. THE PROJECT MANAGER OF THE FUTURE .............................................................13
7. AI PLATFORMS FOR PROJECTMANAGEMENT…...……...............……………………15
8. CONCLUSIONS……..........………….......................…………………………………….....16
9. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND WEB RESOURCES………………………........................…..…..17
10. TABLE OF FIGURES......................................................................................................18
11. ABBREVIATION / ACRONYMS.................................................................................. ..18
12.ANNEXES........................................................................................................................19

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1. INTRODUCTION:
(Nilsson, 20110) defined AI as ‘‘a branch of the computer science field in which scientists
are attempting to develop intelligence within computer sciences’’.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been recently considered as a foremost profoundly
investigated and created innovations in recent years. Starting from different devices and
tools being used in the daily life, like smart personal gadgets and self-driving vehicles.
Artificial Intelligence systems have quickly picked up be the users for a genuine world
application and proceed to continue in a fast progress. As AI frameworks, algorithms robots,
and cognitive instruments and many other smart devices gotten to be more modern and
advanced, nearly each work is being rehashed, making what numerous call the expanded
workforce (Arup, 2018). These advancements are driving a big shift and developments
within the way work being done and within the nature of requests which emerging from long-
standing time workforce. Deloitte carried a study on almost 10,000 Human Resources HR
and commerce pioneers in 140 nations and they come up with, that organizations will ought
to reanalyze how they plan occupations, organize work, to come up with the required
arrangements for the future development (Schwartz, 2017).
A wide extend of patterns and work challenges have a coordinate effect on long-standing
time of extend administration, an good example is the Artificially intelligent frameworks.
There's the wider considered with respect to whether extend administration will stay a
calling in its possess right or whether it will consolidate with the more extensive
administration hone (Arup, 2018). Regardless of this and despite the likelihood that
increasingly callings will be supplanted by progressively competent frameworks, the
essentials of project management will proceed to supply an irreplaceably human
combination of authority, integration of experts, and moral behavior.
2. PROJECT MANAGEMENT:
The Project Management Institute (PMI, 2018) has characterized project management as a
“temporary endeavor used to build a unique new product, service or result.” (Seymour,
2014) expound that Project Management as a center work is essentially included in building

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an environment that human from different backgrounds can cooperate together to achieve a
mutual objective or goal, in order to make successful projects within the suggested budget
and in the right time.
2.1 FUNDAMENTALS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT:
The fundamental principles of project management move around the infamous restrictions,
also can be pointed out as the Iron Triangle, as shown in figure (1):
Figure (1): Iron Triangle of Project Management (BUTT, 2018)
The Project Management Institute’s (PMI) and Project Management Body of Knowledge
(PMBOK, 2013) provide a universal guide for project management where five main stages
that frame the method of project management are characterized as following:
• Project Initiation
• Project Planning
• Project Execution
• Project Monitoring and Control
• Project Closure
2.2 FUTURE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT:
Mangers and leaders of different organizations or companies have recognized that to get
the arrangement to the corporate issues considering developing advances, the

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management staff and leaders must make attempts to see at how different exercises and
capacities are overseen inside their organizations.
According to the Report from the Association for Project Management (APM) and the
Bartlett School of Construction and Project Management at University College London,
which assessed the longer term through the point view of modern megatrends that will
without a doubt influence or have a big effect on the project management community (Arup,
2018). The report presented seven key items that will have a big effect on the future as
shown in the figure below:
Figure (2): Future new keys that will cause an impact on the project management. Source: (Arup, 2018).
The 6th trend highlighted in Figure 2 is with respect to automation and human-machine
collaboration. The report recommended that the new smart user interfaces tools will require
changes within the different structures of work environment in arrange to preserve
partnership and connection, all the whereas guaranteeing a great environment for fostering
productivity and inventiveness within the workforce (Arup, 2018). It is additionally

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hypothesized that intellectual human capabilities such as key empathy, decision-making,
and communication seem to be much more important, whereas organizations will need to
think more deeply about the part of individuals and conduct training programs to get ready
for this new work environment using the new technologies (Daniel Magaña Martínez, 2015).
This Report summed up that, businesses will begin dividing skills and reshaping jobs
according to the essential human skills and on non-essential job goals that could be carried
out by machines.
According to the report (PwC, 2018), that AI field of project management will move into a
completely new advanced level of use, which is will be able to incorporate the utilize of chat-
bot project utilities, machine learning-based project management, and also independent
project management. These findings paint a curiously picture for long way a head for the
field of project management and point out that there is a lot of efforts to be done to provide
the project managers with the right tools to work more effectively in the human-machine
collaborative environment.
3. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI):
3.1. What is Artificial Intelligence:
Artificial intelligence is a quiet new part of the computer science field where scientists are
trying to develop intelligence using different computer systems (Nilsson, 20110).
In spite of the fact that, artificial intelligence could be an exceptionally common term but
characterizing it accurately is not possible or exceptionally hard. And the plan of an artificial
intelligence specialist completely depends on the reality how we define the term artificial
intelligence. Conceivably, the correct definition can lead us to create a fruitful intelligent
artifact. A vital objective of artificial intelligence investigate is to plan machines to perform
different assignments regularly requiring human insights demonstrating scientific
hypotheses, learning to decipher dialects, playing great recreations of chess and learning to
progress its execution are few of the sorts of things such as machine is anticipated to
perform.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI), specialists are anticipating, will change everything approximately
the way we create, make and provide. From fabricating to utilities and transport to monetary
administrations, AI can be used in about each industry. AI will moreover change the course
of project management field. Indeed in spite of the fact that the application of AI program to
project management dates back as distant as 1972, it is only now that it is really taking off
(Marc Lahmann, 2018).
AI could be a wide topic to be considered in all sectors, comprising of lacking areas, from
machine vision to master industry systems. The component that the field of AI has in
common is the creation of machines that can “Learn and Think” and come up with decision
according to their Database Knowledge. In arrange to classify machine as considering it is
vital to characterize intelligence (Kaur, 2016).
The effective applications of AI are getting wider every day, from smart individual devices to
intelligent gadgets and systems that empower facial acknowledgment. For example AI used
for the intelligent machines which ensure the long-term survival of mankind though
faultfinders or “skeptics” are cautious of the unforeseeable negative effects of out of control
AI (Gurkaynak, 2016).
3.2. Types of AI Systems:
Artificial intelligence systems can be divided to three categories (Gurkaynak, 2016) as
follows:
Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI): ANI can also be called Powerless AI, are the sort of
AI which created to perform an assignment and can be specialized inside a limited area of
tasks. Whereas these algorithms and software can be modified to do thousands of
calculations per second, but they are limited in their execution ability by the pre-defined
variables that which set by the designers (Gurkaynak, 2016).
Artificial General Intelligence (AGI): AGI can be considered as the Human-Level AI
(Goertzel, 2007), AGI is the type of AI which can mimic humans at almost all levels.
Theoretically, AGI can perform all types of tasks that humans do and even maybe some
tasks that hard for humans to accomplish. The idea of AGI is to be like a “thinking

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machines” was first proposed by Alan Turing (1950) who created the ‘’Turing Test’’ to test or
examin the possibility of Human-Level AI (McCarthy, 2007). The kind of exam or test is
developed through conducting a conversational or speech text exchange between of the
next three parts:
• A human examiner
• Other Humans
• AI System being tested
Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI): ASI frameworks are anticipated to be the sort of AGI
frameworks which can advance exponentially to replace people in essentially each field, like
counting science, cognitive considering and social abilities. They speak to the sort of AI
which agreeing to a few scholars, “take over” mankind which could cause a wonders which
is scandalously will as the ‘’Singularity’’ (BUTT, 2018).
3.3.Artificial Intelligence current use in Project Management:
A few issues and challenges in project management have been highlighted which could be
backed by artificial intelligence systems. So, there is an enormous chance for AI different
systems to be utilized for enhancing the effectiveness of project managers everyday job.
According to the survey which conducted by (BUTT, 2018) to evaluate the level of
knowledge of AI in the industry through the project managers, and among other areas such
as the current use and also the willingness learn about AI and using it in the near future.
Figure (3): Use percentage of AI system within organizations (BUTT, 2018)

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Figure (4): Areas where AI support can be used for project management (BUTT, 2018)
Figure (5): Survey responses whether organisations have a plan to use AI systems(BUTT, 2018).
The plausibility of project success expectation or distinguishing basic success components
in progress could be a field of investigate where analysts have been Working Plan for
project management purposes. Introductory approaches have been based on statistical
models that had not been able to reply to project management needs. In manufactured
insights, analysts have found calculations and devices that bargain way better with extend

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instability and complex situations and procedures where projects are ordinarily created.
Several algorithms deal with specific goals (Daniel Magaña Martínez, 2015).
• Critical success factors identification:
1. Neural Networks
2. Genetic Algorithms
3. Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
4. Bayesian Model
• Project success prediction:
1. Neural Networks
2. K-Means Clustering
3. Bayesian Model
4. Support Vector Machine
5. Fast Messy Genetic Algorithm
6. Evolutionary Fuzzy Neural Inference Model - EFNIM
7. Adaptive boosting neural networks
8. Bootstrap aggregating neural networks
The most conclusions gotten from the reviewed papers are that artificial intelligence
applications are more precise than conventional systems but are still complementary to
conventional tools. Artificial Intelligence apparatuses, devices and software algorithms are
becoming truly accommodating for the project manager to control and screen the project
(Daniel Magaña Martínez, 2015).
4. IMPLEMENTING AI FOR PROJECT MANAGERS IN ORGANIZATIONS:
To guarantee successful use of AI in project management, it is vital to begin at the
administration level of any company or organization. Whereas project managers have built
up a clear requirements and also a need for utilizing what is called AI-based project
management arrangements, any endeavors in the new innovation usage of this nature will
demonstrate no benefits without the endorsement as well as coordinate inclusion of official

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administration in this process (BUTT, 2018). Therefore, different areas were re-evaluated
by (BUTT, 2018) study and came up with next main results:
● Starting with creating a plan and strategies to use AI within the possible area of work.
● Detecting and removing the use of ineffective work methods and procedures.
● Implementing training programs for the project managers regarding the importance of AI
and how it can be used in project management.
● Training programs should continue to all employees within the organization about the
benefits of using AI and how this will increase the efficiency of their work.
● AI specialist and engineers should be hired for each department with the organization to
identify where AI can be used and to put a plan to of change.
● Project managers should establish an integrative cooperation with the AI specialists or
engineers to ensure accurate matching of needs-based plan of development.
There is a lot to be done, to have AI actively as supportive element for the project
management in different types of projects, and to develop and create plans for a smooth
transition to a new era of stakeholders involved in all sectors (BUTT, 2018).
5. CHALLENGES FOR THE SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF AI IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT:
When utilizing AI in project management one should remember that project management
covers different disciplines. A project manager should master all of them to be effective. By
contrast with intelligent agents that work in a characterized and steady environment, for
example cars robots on a generation line, given the nature of projects, and the social
energetic and difficult environment inside which a extend needs to be conveyed, a project
management environment is much more complex and interconnected. By way of illustration,
the ability triangle from the project management organized bunches the different required
aptitudes into specialized project management, leadership and trade administration (Marc
Lahmann, 2018).
• Technical Project Management:
Technical project management includes the different assignments involved in overseeing
and running a project. The areas essentially supported by the AI systems which currently

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available are easy to recognize. Intelligent project management colleagues, software
programs and machine learning algorithms support project managers in their everyday work
by analyzing status and giving data-driven experiences and forecasts according to the
database which created from the previous projects.
• Strategic and Business Management:
Strategic and trade management skills are needed, for example, to examine, judge (based
on both rules and feelings) or to have different or better business choices. AI can help by
planning parameters, distinguishing interdependencies or determining trade results. The
more advanced the basic models and the more precise and the more information streams
accessible, the better way AI can help the project manager.
• Leadership:
This area incorporates different interpersonal competencies such as directing, driving and
motivating people and stakeholders from different backgrounds. The AI frameworks which
right now accessible, can for occasion encourage candidate determination by displaying a
brief list or positioning based on a characterized set of prerequisites and designs – but they
still not able to take enthusiastic and or social elements into consideration. Moreover, team
management and leadership are not considered in current AI systems yet.
6. THE PROJECT MANAGER OF THE FUTURE:
As presented above, AI will without a doubt change how projects are conveyed and
conducted and how project management as a field will advance even in the near future. In
the middle of this advancement it is important to realize that there is something AI can not
do which is to be ‘’Human’’. This implies that project supervisors will remain needed in the
age of AI and they have to concentrate on the important skills of project management and
dynamically move into work that emphasizes human abilities (Marc Lahmann, 2018). This
includes:
• Leadership
• Emotional intelligence

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• Negotiation
• Storytelling
• Empathy
• People and stakeholder management
• Verbal and nonverbal Communications.
In summary, it is clear that AI will help, not supplant project managers. As with each
innovation, AI alone will not ensure complete success. But as it may, conveyed intentionally,
AI can be accelerator agent and game changer for project managers and help increment
projects success rates and avoid project risks. The project managers who succeed will likely
be those who see beyond the bounds of ‘human’ creative energy and reply questions
around how this innovation can include genuine esteem and drive positive improvements in
project management and commerce big changes effectively. This will guarantee the vital
esteem of project management. Artificial General Intelligence, or good AI, can be as flexible
as humans and combines the advantages of a computer which means it can utilize big
amounts of data to get more reliable solutions and minimize risks. The good thing is that
most scientists think it will be implemented even though it is still just speculation (Wang,
2019). From weak AI to great AI, the technical breakthrough affects the forms of AI in
project management, and it is mostly considered as four different types (PwC, 2018):
• Integration & Automation (IA):
This shows the level of limited AI including numerous capacities in different forms. A few
companies and governmental organisations utilize computer vision to check the item quality
naturally. Normal dialect preparing (NLP) can aid to extract keywords from emails. By 2030,
as much as 80% of schedule work may well be left out (PwC, 2018). Project Manager will
have more time to deal with other complex tasks which could appear during the project.
• Chatbot Assistant (CA):
This alternative permits for AI is to replace the mental work such as organizing a normal
assembly, thinking, analyzing the feeling of individuals and replying a few basic addresses.
As a supporter, AI enhance the efficiency of human-computer interaction.

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• Machine learning-based project Management (MLPM):
This choice implies that AI will influence the decision-making process. To analyze a project,
AI needs a lot of past case information which can be a shape of “experience” for AI. When
project managers enter the information of a new project, AI can evaluate if the cost of the
project will exceed the standard, anticipate the likelihood of being behind plan, and indeed
discover conceivable issues in the progress of the project. It is critical to note that AI is good
at identifying gradually inclining patterns within the stream of information whereas people
are not. The more information AI gets, the more reliable its analysis results are can be. AI
reports attainable arrangement to the project directors or managers based on the Analysis
outcomes, but the ultimate choice is still within the stakeholder’s hands.
• Autonomous Project Management (APM):
APM speaks to the level of solid AI. So, AI can proactively get the data it requires to analyze
and oversee the project and form what is called the Helicopter view. AI will take the decision
and take sensible activity to form esteem to meet key partners. As said some time recently,
this innovation has not been used yet, but most researchers have analyzed and hold the
view that it will be implemented soon. Yet It is not sensible to ignore it.
Following, (Arup, 2018) presented an anticipated Journey to 2040 for the field of the Project
Management:

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Figure (6) Project Management Journey to 2040(Arup, 2018).

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7. AI PLATFORMS FOR PROJECT MANAGEMENT:
AI stages for PM will be caught on as an advancement organize of data-driven project
management (DdPM), focused on to opening unused benefits of AI within the setting of
enormous information and analytics (Ruchi, 2018). Some vendors studied the link between
the high customer expectations and the high use from some originations, and came up with
the Cloud based service platforms to provide AI based services for the project management
sector (Gunnar Auth, 2019).
The famous consulting company Deloitte provide consulting services with the name
''Predictive Project Analytics'' and that depend on designed analytics mechanism and
algorithms joined by the big database, which came from almost 2,000 different projects
(Fauser, 2015). Moreover, generic Computer Algorithms and neural networks are been
utilized and that expand and enhancing the old approach. Areas like risk assessments,
success analyses, effective planning and employee selection for project teams are
considered as the main areas of application (Deloitte, 2016).
Team member determination is additionally included with other uses which based on the
stage approach. E.g., startup Cloverleaf creates computer program for the compilation of
project groups utilizing representative databased information, which, in expansion to
features like involvement and qualifications to take into consideration “invisible facets of a
person”, such the capability to adjust wanted job methods or another work environment,
moreover to the agreed job cultural aspects (Cloverleaf, 2018).
A further extensive approach is sought after by the Californian seller TARA with its
eponymous stage. Initially planned to robotize the preparation of selecting outside program
designers, the center has presently enormously extended towards project planning and
observing (TARA, 2018). TARA applied machine learning to computerize the introductory of
any project to define, assignment and time arranging, making the project workforce and also
observing and determining for the forecast of the project progress (Gunnar Auth, 2019).

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8. CONCLUSIONS
In the end, it can be concluded that now this is the era of high technology developments.
Nowadays, big data science is a very common term. Big data has involved in the use of AI,
so AI provides the backend. Artificial intelligence is like a device that helps to
make some perception related to the environment and it helps in taking such decisions
that can lead to the achieving of specific goals. The artificial intelligence is now being used
within different fields. Its applications are not available to only one specific field. However,
within the field of project management, there is a broader use of AI. Project management AI
is simply a system that assists in the administration of various projects. It helps to handle
different projects and through using the obtainable resources. Project management AI
helps in bringing up a safer environment. In addition to the use of project management AI is
used for developing an eco-system that helps in the management of knowledge in different
industry sectors. AI provides good assistance to project managers in several ways. It helps
in various tasks using different material to make project managers daily tasks easier and
effective.
Project managers have nowadays more support, insight, accuracy and strategy by using AI
in project management. also, it has increased the productivity of their work at individual
levels. As the AI tools have helped the project managers to be creative and more
emotionally intelligent. But, with the increased use of AI within the field of project
management, some predict that computers and machines could replace humans in the near
future. These risks should be analyzed in future research.
Finally, AI plays right now and will play even important role in maintaining the company's
competitiveness and increase Profits. Using AI in project management will increase the
efficiency of the project team. Project managers should keep up with the times as well, learn
AI project management and start with what already available to apply it in their daily
activities work.

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9. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND WEB RESOURCES
Arup. (2018). Future of Project Mangement. ARUP, 10-21.
BUTT, A. (2018). Project Management through the lens of Artificial Intelligence. Gothenburg, Sweden:
CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY.
Cloverleaf. (2018). About – Cloverleaf. Von Cloverleaf: https://cloverleaf.me/about abgerufen
Daniel Magaña Martínez, J. C.-R. (2015). Artificial Intelligence applied to project success: a literature
review. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Multimedia.
Deloitte, T. N. (2016). Predictive project analytics 2.0. Von Deloitte:
https://www2.deloitte.com/global/en/pages/about-deloitte/articles/about-the-network.html
abgerufen
Fauser, J. S. (2015). The prediction of success in projec tmanagement – predictive project analytics.
projektManagement aktuell,.
Goertzel, B. (2007). Human-level artificial intelligence and the possibility of a technological singularity.
Artificial Intelligence, 749-758.
Gunnar Auth, O. J. (2019). Revisiting automated project management in the digital age – a survey of AI
approaches. Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management.
Gurkaynak, G. Y. (2016). Stifling artificial intelligence: Human perils. Computer Law & Security Review,
749-758.
Kaur, P. (2016). ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer
Applications, 1-2.
Marc Lahmann, P. K. (2018). AI will transform project management. Are you ready? Transformation
Assurance, PwC, Switzerland, 2-6.
McCarthy, J. (2007). From here to human-level AI. . Artificial Intelligence, 1174-1182.
Nilsson, N. (20110). The quest of artificial intelligence: a history of ideas and achievements. . Cambridge
University Press.
PMI. (2018). What is Project Management? Von Project Managemnet Institute PMI:
https://www.pmi.org/about/learn-about-pmi/what-is-project-management abgerufen
PwC. (31. 08 2018). Transformation Assurance. Von PWC: https://www.pwc.ch/en/services/risk-
assurance/transformation-assurance.html. abgerufen

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Ruchi, S. S. (2018). Big data platform for enterprise project management digitization using Machine
learning. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Electronics, Communication and
Aerospace Technology (ICECA). Coimbatore, India.
Schwartz, J. (28. 02 2017). The future of work: The augmented workforce . 2017 Global Human Capital
Trends.
Seymour, T. &. (2014). The History of Project Management. International Journal of Management &
Information Systems (IJMIS), 18-233.
TARA. (2018). How TARA works.Von TARA: https://tara.ai/how-it-works/ abgerufen
Wang, Q. (2019). How to apply AI technology in Project Management. PM World Journal, 3-6.

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10. TABLE OF FIGURES
1. IRON TRIANGLE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT........................................................................5
2. FUTURE TRENDS THAT WILL HAVE A DIRECT IMPACT ON PROJECT MANAGEMENT .................6
3. PERCENTAGE OF AI SYSTEM USE IN THE CASE ORGANIZATIONS…............………….……......9
4. CHALLENGING ASPECTS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT WHICH COULD USE AI SUPPORT ...........10
5. RESPONSES REGARDING WHETHER OR NOT THE ORGANIZATION SHOULD HAVE A STRATEGY
FOR DEALING WITH AI SYSTEMS .............................................................................................10
6. PROJECT MANAGEMENT JOURNEY TO 2040 .......................................................................16
11. ABBREVIATION / ACRONYMS:
• AI Artificial intelligence
• HR Human Resources
• PM Project Management
• PMI Project Management Institute
• ASI Artificial Super Intelligence
• ANI Artificial Narrow Intelligence
• AGI Artificial General Intelligence
• APM Autonomous Project Management
• EFNIM Evolutionary Fuzzy Neural Inference Model
• NLP Normal dialect preparing
• CA Chatbot Assistant
• MLPM Machine learning-based project Management
• APM Autonomous Project Management
• DdPM Data-driven project management

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12. ANNEXES