6. DRUGS FOR HEPATITIS
Are drugs which are effective against
Hepatitis B Virus(HBV)-DNA virus
Hepatitus C Virus (HCV)-RNA virus
7. DRUGS FOR HEPATITIS B
Hepatitis B Virus is a DNA virus
It integrates into chromosomal DNA
Causes permanent infection
It is unable to eradicate the viral antigen from the body
GOAL OF TREATMENT
Suppress viral replication.
To reduce its inflammatory & hepatocyte damaging process.
Prevent progression of hepatic disease & complications like cirrhosis and
hepatic carcinoma
8. DRUGS FOR HEPATITIS B
LAMIVUDINE
ENTECAVIR
ADEFOVIR DIPIVOXIL
TENOFOVIR
TELBIVUDINE
INTERFERON
Not to be stopped suddenly as it can result in acute exacerbation of
hepatitis
To be continued till 6 months after seroconversion to minimize
reactivation
9.
10. LAMIVUDINE
A cytosine analogue
Effective for both HIV & Hep B
Mechanism OF ACTION
Inhibit HBV DNA Polymerase
Also get incorporated in the viral DNA and causes chain
termination
Inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase
13. TENOFOVIR
Mechanism of Action
Nucleotide analogue
Tenofovir undergoes diphosphorylation by cellular kinase
Tenofovir diphosphate inhibits HBV DNA polymerase
It also gets incorporated in the viral DNA to cause chain termination
Inhibits HIV Reverse Transcriptase enzyme
15. ENTECAVIR
Guanosine nucleoside analogue
Currently the first line drug for treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B
MOA :
Inhibits HBV DNA polymerase
Need to be taken in empty stomach ,food decreases oral
bioavailability
Long acting,half life is 128-148 hrs
Well tolerated,mild dyspepsia,disturbed sleep
Lactic acidosis in decompensated cirrhosis
16. Adefovir Dipivoxil
Prodrug of Adefovir
Adefovir adenosine analogue
MOA:Competitive inhibition of HBV DNA Polymerase
USES:Chronic Hepatitis B
Effective in Lamivudine resistant cases
Effective in patients with concomitant HIV infection
ADR:Nephrotoxicity
Flu syndrome,Sore throat
17. TELBIVUDINE
Newer anti-HBV drug
Thymidine analogue
MOA:Inhibits HBV DNA polymerase
Adavantages
Long acting
Orally effective
Faster & more complete suppression of HBV DNA titre
Disadvantages
Resistance
ADR: Well tolerated
Serum amylase may rise
19. INTERFERONS (IFN)
Interferons are cytokines produced by host cells in response to viral
infections
Three types of Interferons : IFN α, β, γ
Antiviral action IFN α
Only IFN α2A & INF α2B are produced by recombinant technology &
are used clinically
20. Interferons bind to receptors(JAK-STAT tyrosine
kinase receptors)
Induces expression of interferon induced
proteins
Inhibit viral replication at multiple steps
:penetration, synthesis of viral mRNA and
viral proteins, release of progeny virus
INTERFERONS-MECHANISM OF ACTION
21. Interferon Alfa
No oral BA- polypeptide
s/c or im
Pegylated Interferons:
Obtined by attachment of IFN to polyethylene glycol (PEG)
molecules – pegylation
Increase duration of action
Enable once-weekly dosing
Enhanced clinical effiacy
22. Interferon α - USES
1.Chronic Hepatitis B
2.Chronic Hepatitis C
3.AIDS related Kaposi sarcoma
4.Condyloma Acuminata:caused by papilloma virus
Treated with topical podophyllin
Intralesional interferon in resistant cases
5.Herpes infection:IFN my be added to acyclovir in
immunocompromised patients
6.Hematological Malignancy:CML,Follicular lymphoma,Cutaneous T cell
Lymphoma,Multiple Myeloma
24. RIBAVIRIN
A broad spectrum antiviral drug
Spectrum: HCV, Influenza A & B
Respiratory syncytial virus
MOA :Inhibits GTP synthesis& viral RNA synthesis
Long t1/2>10days,accumulates in body on daily dosing
25. RIBAVIRIN
USE: Chronic Hepatitis C , Influenza, Measles,
RSV-nebulised Ribavirin
NIPAH VIRUS
ADR: Dose dependent Hemolytic anemia,
Bone marrow supression
Cough,Dyspnoea,bronchospasm on nebulization
Teratogenicity
26. NEWER DRUGS FOR HEPATITIS C
NOVEL DIRECTLY ACTING AGENTS
They target NONSTRUCTURAL VIRAL PROTEINSreplication
Used in combination:Development of resistance
Advantages
-Better viral response
-Shorter duration of treatment
-Less toxic
-Delayed onset of resistance
Disadvantages
-More drug interactions
29. NS5B Polymerase Inhibitor:SOFOSBUVIR
It is a uridine analogue
Prodrug
Inhibits NS5B (HCV RNA polymerase )
PHARMACOKINETICS
Oral bioavailability is 80%improved with fatty meal
It is a substrate of Pgp efflux transporter should not be used with Pgp
inducers like Phenytoin, Rifampicin
ADR: Fatigue,pain abdomen,joint pain,anemia
Sever bradycardia if used with Amiodarone
30. NS3/4A PROTEASE Inhibitor:SIMEPRAVIR
Mechanism of Action
NS3/4A protein helps to form functional viral polypepetides
InhiBItion of this protein blocks viral replication
Pharmacokinetics
Orally effectiveabsorption increases when taken with meals
Metabolised by CYP3A4
Substrate for Pgp
USES:Chronic Hepatitis C
Given as Simepravir –Sofosbuvir combination for 12-24weeks
ADR:Photosensitivity,Rashes,dyspnea
DRUG INTERACTIONS
31. NS5A INHIBITORS
NS5A is a multifunctional protein essential for viral replication
I.DACLATASVIR
II.LEDIPASVIR
III.VALPATASVIR
Features
Used as combination therapy with SOFOSBUVIR
Metabolisd by CYP
Substrates of Pgp DRUG INTERACTIONS
Needs gastric acidity for
absorption