Overview of Ultra-wide band Technology

1. UltraWide-BandTechnology (UWB)
By:Shahbaz khan
1608231057
Department Of Electronics & Communication Engg.
Moradabad Institute Of Technology
Ram Ganga Vihar , Phase –II, Moradabad-244001 (U.P.)
Session: 2019-20

2. Contents
By Shahbaz khan (UWB)2
 IntroductiontoUWB
 Narrowband,Wideband,andUltra-Wideband
 UWB Signal
 SingleBandandaMultiBand
 UWB ModulationSchemes
 Applications
 Advantages-Limitations

3. UltraWideBand(UWB)
By Shahbaz khan (UWB)3
UltraWide Band (UWB) is atechnologyforthetransmissiondatabyusing techniqueswhichcauseaspreading
of theradioenergyoveraverywidefrequencyband.
 With a very low power spectral density. The low power spectral density limits the interference potential with
conventionalradiosystems(TV,GSM,UMTS,GPS,etc.).
The high bandwidth can allow very high data throughput for communications devices, or high precision for
locationand imagingdevices.
UWB radioscanusefrequenciesfrom3.1GHzto10.6GHzinUSAand Asia andatleast6.0to8.5GHzinEurope.
 Most narrowband systems occupy less than 10% of the center frequency bandwidth, and are transmitted at
far greaterpowerlevels.

4. Narrowband,Wideband,andUltra-Wideband
By Shahbaz khan (UWB)4
We canclassifysignalas Narrowband,Wideband,and Ultra-wideband by Fractionalbandwidthand is
definedby theratioofbandwidthat–10 dBpoints tocenterfrequencyor Thefractionalbandwidthis
definedastheradioof signalbandwidthtothecenterfrequency.
The–10 dBpointrepresentsthespectralpowerofasignalat10dBlowerthanitspeakpower.
𝒇 𝒇𝒉+𝒇𝒍
𝑩 = 𝟐 𝒇𝒉−𝒇𝒍
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎% Narrowband 𝑩< 1%𝒇
Wideband 1% < 𝑩𝒇< 20% Ultra-
Wideband 𝑩𝒇> 20%

5. UWB-Signal
By Shahbaz khan (UWB)5
𝑇𝑜𝑛represents thetimethatthepulse existsand
𝑇𝑜𝑓𝑓representsthetimethatthepulse isabsent.
𝑇 𝑜𝑛
𝑇 𝑜𝑛+ 𝑇 𝑜𝑓𝑓
 UWB systems use carrier less, short-duration (picosecond to nanosecond) pulses with a very low duty cycle (less than
0.5 percent)fortransmission and receptionoftheinformation.
Anddutycycleistheratioofthetimethatapulseispresenttothetotaltransmissiontime.
 Low duty cycle offers a very low average
transmission power in UWB communications
systems. The average transmission power of a
UWB systemisontheorderof microwatts.
 the short-duration UWB pulses spread their energy
across a wide range of frequencies—from near DC to
several gigahertz (GHz)—with very low power
spectral density (PSD) in inthefrequencydomain
Duty cycle=

6.  In Figure above 500-picosecond pulse generates a large bandwidth in the frequency domain with a center
frequency of2GHz.
 thelowestand highestcutofffrequenciesat–10 dB areapproximately1.2GHzand 2.8GHz,respectively,which
lead
toafractionalbandwidthof80percent;thisismuchlargerthantheminimumrequiredbytheFCC:
𝒇 𝟐. 𝟖+ 𝟏. 𝟐
𝑩 = 𝟐 𝟐.𝟖−𝟏.𝟐
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎%= 𝟖𝟎%
By Shahbaz khan (UWB)6

7. SingleBand and MultiBand
By Shahbaz khan (UWB)7
 The Single Band (Direct-Sequence UWB (DS-UWB)) :
supports the idea of impulse radio that is the original
approach to UWB by using narrow pulses that occupy a
large portion of thespectrum.
 The Multi Band OFDM(MB-OFDM) approach
divides the available UWB frequency spectrum
(3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz) into multiple smaller and no
overlapping bands with bandwidths greater than
500 MHz .
 Direct-sequenceUWB is a single-band approach that uses
narrow UWB pulses and time-domain signal processing
combined with DSSS techniques to transmit and receive
information.
 The DS-UWB techniqueis scalableand can achievedata
rates in excess of 1Gbps.
 This approach is similar to the narrowband
frequency-hopping technique.
 offers the advantage of avoiding transmission over
certain bands.

8. UWB ModulationMethods
By Shahbaz khan (UWB)8
ThemodulationmethodsusedinUWB systemsare:
PulsePositionModulation (PPM)
On-OffKeyingmodulation (OOK)
PulseAmplitudeModulation(PAM)
PulseWidth Modulation (PWM)

9. PulsePositionModulation(PPM):Whenthetransmittedbit
is0, pulsedoes not shift.When bitis1,pulseshiftaspecific
amount δ,whereδ is calledmodulationindex.
On-OffKeying modulation(OOK):When thetransmittedbit
is 1, apulseistransmitted.Whenthebitis0,nopulseis
transmitted.
UWB Modulation Methods
By Shahbaz khan (UWB)9

10. UWB ModulationMethods
By Shahbaz khan (UWB)10
Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) : When the
transmitted bit is 1, a positive pulse is transmitted.
When thebitis 0,a negativepulseistransmitted.
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) : When the
transmitted bit is 1, a wide pulse is transmitted. When
thebitis0,anarrow pulseistransmitted.

11. UWBApplications
By Shahbaz khan (UWB)11
 CommunicationsDevices.
 ImagingDevices.
 VehicularRadarSystems.
 For communications devices, the FCC has assigned different emission limits for indoor and
outdoor UWB devices.Thespectralmask foroutdoor devices is 10 dB lowerthanthatforindoor
devices,between 1.61 GHzand 3.1GHz.
 Vehicular radar systems are allowed to emit –41.3 dBm/MHz only in them 22 GHz to 29 GHz
frequencyrange.Thecenterfrequencyoftheirsignalshouldbehigherthan24.075GHz.

12. CommunicationsDevices
By Shahbaz khan (UWB)12
The high-data-rate capability of UWB systems for short distances has numerous applications for
home networking and multimedia-rich communications in the form of WPAN applications. UWB
systems could replacecablesconnecting camcordersand VCRs,as wellas other consumer electronics
applications, such as laptops, DVDs, digital cameras, and portable HDTV monitors. No other available
wireless technologies— such as Bluetooth or 802.11a/b—are capable of transferring streaming
video.

13. Radar Systems.
By Shahbaz khan (UWB)13
Radar is considered one of the most powerful applicationsof UWB technology.Thefinepositioning characteristics
of narrow UWB pulses enables them to offer high-resolution radar (within centimeters) for military and civilian
applications. Also, because of the very wide frequency spectrum band, UWB signals can easily penetrate various
obstacles.Thisproperty makesUWB-based ground-penetrating radar(GPR)auseful asset for rescue and disaster
recoveryteamsfordetectingsurvivorsburiedunderrubbleindisaster situations.

14. Advantages-Limitations
By Shahbaz khan (UWB)14
 Advantages
UWB technology has very high potential in real lifeapplications, due to its high bandwidth and
lowpower.
Veryinterestingapplicationinwirelesscontenttransfer,especiallyforHDvideos.
Securetransmission,lowprobabilityofinterceptionordetectionandanti-jamimmunity.
 Limitations
 Emissionsbelowconventionallevel.
Not appropriate for a WAN (Wide Area Network) deployment such as wireless
broadbandaccess.

15. ThankYou!
By Shahbaz khan (UWB)15

16. Reference
By Shahbaz khan (UWB)16
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