introduction of geological modeling

1. 3D Reservoir Modeling
and Data Integration
Introduction
Serdar Kaya
Senior Geologist

2. Outline
 Definitions, General Workflows
 Why automated processes?
 Solutions
 Tools for modeling

3. Geologic modeling is the applied multi-
disciplinary science of creating computerized
representations of HC reservoir for dynamic
simulation.
3D Geological Modeling

4. Modeling Workflow
3D Visualization 3D Mapping of
seismic
interpretations
Gridding
Volumetrics,
Plotting and
Reporting
Property Modeling

5. Workflow Steps
Fault
Modeling
Pillar
Gridding
Zonation and
Layering
Facies
Modeling
Petrophysical
Modeling Well Design
Volume
Calculation Plotting
Well
Correlation
Data Import
Introduction
to
Petrel
Input
Data

6.  To optimize operations and development
 Integrate all data in common domain
 Have reservoir model in 3D environment
 Base for dynamic simulation
 Volumetric Evaluation
 Data Management
 Capture the uncertainty
Why Do We Need Geological Model?

7.  Prognosis and frequent amendments
 Real-time Geosteering
 Frequent Volumetric Evaluation
 More Frequent Model Update
 Data Management
Operational Challenges

8. Well Plan
Structural Updates
3D Model Update
Log Evaluation
Prognosis
Revised Prognosis
Geosteering
Property Update
Typical Operational Workflow
X, Y Location
Thickness & tops Coring Point
Landing Point
Velocity Model
Map Update
Framework Update
X, Y Location
Thickness & tops

9. Field
Operations
Vendor
Geologist Petrophysicist RE
Specialist
Report
Database Update
Real Time or Same Day
Same Day
5-10 Days
1-7 Days
30-60 Days
Time Delay in Data Flow

10. Well Data
Data
II
III
I
Log Data
Seismic
Data
Production Tests
Outcrops

11. Data Formats
Wells 3D grids
Lines Points 2D Grids
SEG-Y

12. Well Log Data

13. B
C
A
Logs Interpretation

14. Coring - Plugging - Slabbing

15. 3D Seismic Section

16. Outcrop and 3D Seismic
P.D.Melville Jan 1999
Zone A
Zone B
Zone C
Nah Formation

17. 3D Model With Images

18. Visualization - Reporting
Map View
3D Window
Well Section
Intersection window
Histogram

19. Reservoir Characterization
Reservoir Characterization is a process of
quantitatively assigning reservoir properties recognizing
geologic information and uncertainty in spatial variability
(Lake & Car..).

20. Why Reservoir Characterization?
• To interpret and evaluate complex internal reservoir
architecture and property distribution.
• To understand the heterogeneities of the reservoir.
• To improve our understanding of the geological and
petrophysical controls of fluid flow.

21. Professional Links
Geology
Petrophysics
Reservoir engineering
Traditional Professional
links
Geophysics
Integrated Professional
links
Geology
Geophysics
Petrophysics
Reservoir engineering
Response Response

22. ?
?
?
? ?
? ?
?
?
Why Integration ?
Due to sub-surface uncertainty &
multi disciplinary approach

23. Integration Approach
Core Plug
Whole Core
Well Log
Well Tests
Borehole
Geophysics
Outcrop
Studies
Seismic
Geologist’s Knowledge
Production
Data
Engineer’s
Knowledge
Geophysicist’s
Knowledge
Structure
and Faults
Stratigraphy
Sedimentology Pressure Data
Deposition Model
Attributes

24. Benefits of Integration
 Uncertainty is reduced
 More realistic description
 Reliable and accurate decision

25. Structural Modeling Property Modeling Uncertainty Mitigation
Vertical
Heterogeneity
Log/Core
Data QC &
Reconciliation
Well Picking
Subzonation
Isochoring
Development of Porosity
Permeability Correlations
Areal
Continuity SGS Simulation
Porosity
Generate Multiple
Realization, rank
and select
Generate High/Law
Cases and short, long
Variograms in Property
Generation of 3D Grids SGS Simulation
Permeability
Generate High/Law
Cases in Structure
Scale-up Properties
to Model Domain
Variogram
Modeling
3D Static Modeling Workflow

26. Geological Framework is
completed by layering

27. What is next ?

28. Tank Model

29. Well Bores

30. Well Markers

31. Top and Base Surface

32. 3D Geo-cellular Model

33. Top Surface with Fault Definition

34. Fault Definition in 3D Grid

35. 3D Model Without Fault

36. 3D Model With Fault
Extended
Pillar

37. Reservoir Grids are
waiting to be filled
with properties

38. Tools for Modeling
Geo-Statistics
Geo-science
Mathematical
Algorithms
Special Software
Packages

39. Upscale Well Logs – 3D Simulation

40. Vertical Cross Section of a Property

41. Main Problem in
Improving Reservoir
Performance
Recovery Factor = 30%
Where is the remaining 70% oil ?
Developed Fields

42. Benefits of Integration
 Certainty is increased by constraining
models with all available data properly
 More realistic description
 Reliable and accurate decision