ASSIGNMENT

1. SUBJECT : PHARMACOLOGY-III
SUBMITTEDTO : DR. SAUMYA DAS
SUBMITTED BY : Priya Upadhyay
ROLL NO. : 1713350062
COURSE : B.PHARM
YEAR & SEM : III year – 6 semester – B
section

2. TOPIC
NEWERAPPROACHESTO GET RID
FROM ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE

3. INTRODUCTION
It has been almost fifty years since an august group of internationally
renowned infectious disease experts and microbiologists were
gathered to discuss the question: “are new antibiotics needed?” .This
group, and others and all agreed that new antibiotics were needed
due to the emergence of resistant Gram-positive infections, including
staphylococci and pneumococcus. However, they were also
unanimous in their concern regarding Gram-negative pathogens,
including Pseudomonas, Aerobacter (Enterobacter) and other genera
in the Enterobacteriaceae.They were relatively content with the
progress being made at the time with Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
but they did acknowledge that improvements in therapeutic
regimens were needed.They were also concerned about fungal
infections for which, at this time, there were few options. It is
disconcerting that fifty years later, we are still grappling with similar
problems.

4. Antibiotics are made on
the basis of
following

6. How to stop antibiotic
resistance?
 Prescription for action fromWHO:
 Doctors, nurses, veterinarians and other health workers
 Don’t prescribe or dispense antibiotics unless they are truly necessary and you have made all efforts
to test and confirm which antibiotic your human patient or the animal you are treating should have.
Today, it is estimated that in half of all cases, antibiotics are prescribed for conditions caused by
viruses, where they do no good.You can also do more to prevent infections in the first place by
ensuring your hands, instruments and environment are clean, and employing vaccines where
appropriate.
 "We are speeding up the process dramatically by using antibiotics too much and often in the wrong
contexts."
 People using healthcare
 Take antibiotics only when prescribed by a certified health professional, but also don’t be timid about
asking if you feel you really need them. If you take an antibiotic, always complete the full
prescription, even if you feel better, because stopping treatment early promotes the growth of drug-
resistant bacteria.
 Farmers and others in the agriculture sector
 Ensure that antibiotics given to animals are used only to control or treat infectious diseases and under
veterinary supervision. Misuse of antibiotics in livestock, aquaculture and crops is a key factor
contributing to antibiotic resistance and its spread into the environment, food chain and humans.
Clean and uncrowded conditions and vaccination of animals can reduce the need to use antibiotics.

7.  Agriculture sector
 a.)Only give antibiotics to animals under veterinary
supervision. b.)Not use antibiotics for growth
promotion or to prevent diseases in healthyanimals.
 c.)Vaccinate animals to reduce the need for
antibiotics and use
 alternatives to antibiotics when available.
 d.)Improve biosecurity on farms.

8. RECENT DEVELOPMENT
 While there are some new antibiotics in
development, none of them are expectedto be effective
against the most dangerous forms of antibiotic-resistant
bacteria.
 Given the ease and frequency with which
 people now travel, antibiotic resistance isa global
problem, requiring efforts from all nations and many
sectors.

9.  Radezolid
 Torezolid
 1.)Phase II clinical trail
 1.)Phase II clinical trail
 2.)Uncomplicated skin and skin structure
infections
 2.)Complicated skin and skin structure
infections
Example: resistance of oxazolidinones is over come by
newer oxazolidinones
Drugs in pipeline are radezolid , torezolid.

10. THANKYOU