Water Pollution is an undesirable change in physical, chemical or biological characteristics of water. Human population explosion, rapid industrialization, deforestation, unplanned urbanization, scientific and technological advancement etc. are mainly responsible for the pollution crisis on the earth. Wastewater from manufacturing or chemical processes in industries contributes to water pollution. Industrial wastewater usually contains specific and readily identifiable chemical compounds. During the last fifty years, the number of industries in India has grown rapidly. But water pollution is concentrated within a few sub sectors, mainly in the form of toxic wastes and organic pollutants. Out of this a large portion can be traced to the processing of industrial chemicals and to the food products industry. The effects of water pollution are not only devastating to people but also to animals, fish, and birds. Polluted water is unsuitable for drinking, recreation, agriculture, and industry. It diminishes the aesthetic quality of lakes and rivers. More seriously, contaminated water destroys aquatic life and reduces its reproductive ability. Eventually, it is a hazard to human health. Nobody can escape the effects of water pollution. Most major industries have treatment facilities for industrial effluents. But this is not the case with small-scale industries, which cannot afford enormous investments in pollution control equipment, as their profit margin is very slender. So the present study may be helpful for finding out methods for the treatment of effluents in batch scale that are cost effective so that small-scale industries can treat their wastes before releasing them into the environment.

1. DESIGN OF SMALL SEWAGE
TREATMENT PLANT FOR A URBAN
AREAS
TITLE

2. DIVAKAR SINGH
(Assistant Professor)
Satyam Singh
(1842200935)
Bhrigunath
(1842200910)
Sachin Kumar
(1742200084)
Rohit Gautam
(1742200082)
Yash Kumar
(1742200131)

3. Flow of presentation
 Aim of the project
 Hypothesis
 Why we are choosing this
topic?
 What is STP
 Difference b/w Waste water
and Sewage Waste
 Source of Sewage
 Purpose of STP
 Importance of STP
 Characteristics of Sewage Waste
 Case Study
 Flow Diagram of Treatment
Process
 Design
 Conclusion
 Scope of the project
 Reference

4. AIM OF PROJECT
To attain desirable quality of
water by removing undesirable
qualities of water.

5. HYPOTHESIS
 Water Pollution is an undesirable change in physical, chemical or
biological characteristics of water. Human population explosion,
rapid industrialization, deforestation, unplanned urbanization,
scientific and technological advancement etc. are mainly
responsible for the pollution crisis on the earth.
 During the last fifty years, the number of industries in India has
grown rapidly. But water pollution is concentrated within a few
sub sectors, mainly in the form of toxic wastes and organic
pollutants. Out of this a large portion can be traced to the
processing of industrial chemicals and to the food products
industry.

6. WHY WE ARE CHOOSING THIS TOPIC?
 In , India alone , it is estimated that about 23 Billion liters of sewage
generated every day.
 Nearly 2/3rd of the pollution problems occurs due the discharge of
untreated or partially treated sewage in country.
 Due to urbanization and increasing standard of living .
 The amount of sewage generated by the population will be increasing
day by day.
 Cleanliness is a the chief aim of sanitation.
 Our surrounding environment should also be maintained clean and neat.

7. “STP” stand for – “SEWAGE
TREATMENT PLANT”
 STP is that place where
sewage waste comes
through sewer pipe line.
 Sewage Treatment is the
process of removing
contaminants from
sewage waste.
What is STP

8. Difference Between
Waste Water
 Waste water is any water
that has been used and
contaminated by human
use.
 Eg: Floor washing,
Garrage Washing,
Sewage Waste
 Sewage is the sub set of
waste water that generally
comes to domestic
activities including
kitchen, bathroom, toilet
etc.

9. Sources Of Sewage
DOMESTICS
ACTIVITIES
AGRICULTURE
ACTIVITIES
INDUSTRIAL
ACTIVITIES
Human Excreta
Washing Machines
Vessel Washing
Soaps , Detergents
Food Residues From
Domestics Sinks
Animal Faeces
Animal Bathing
Silage and other food
effluents
Chemical residues
including solvents
Fuel Waste
Heavy metal and scrap
metal

10. To prevent
Aquatic life.
To prevent
ground Water
pollution and
Reuse it.
Protection
of public
life.
To reuse
the treated
Effluent for
agriculture.
Purpose of STP

11. • Agricultural
• Aquaculture
To provide some
degree of treatment
• Without treatment of sewage waste can
cause of human health disease
Principal objective
• Large number of people die from water
born diseases
According to a
research
IMPORTANCE
OF
( SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT )

12. Physical Characteristics
Chemical Characteristics
Biological Characteristics
CHARACTERISTIC OF THE
SEWAGE WASTE

13. Asia's largest STP
built at Bharwara
in Gomti Nagar,
Lucknow
Capacity
345 MLD
Present time
132-145 MLD
sewage
Case Study : Bharwara Sewage Treatment Plant

14. FLOW DIAGRAM OF
TREATMENT PROCESS

15. ˚
˚

16. Design Steps
Location of Plant
Water demand : 200 lpcd
Population Forecasting
(Incremental Increase Method)
Different designing of Units
Receiving Chamber
Screening
Grit Chamber
Primary Sedimentation Tank
Clarriflocclator
Secondary Sedimentation tank
Sewage Disposal

18. Receiving Chamber
• Design Flow
• Detention time
• Volume Required
Screening
• Design flow
• Velocity 0.8m/sec
Grit Chamber
• Rectangular Grit Chamber
• Velocity of Flow 0.17-
0.26m/sec
• Peak Flow
• Detention Period 40sec-1min
Primary
Sedimentation Tank
• Lesser size of particle 0.2mm
and Specific gravity of 2.65
• Shape Generally Circular
Type Provided
Secondary
Sedimentation
(Clarriflocclator)
• Inlet Velocity 1.2m/sec
• Detention Time 30min
Final Treatment tank
Sewage Disposal
• Land
• Water

19.  Raw Effluent Quality
Raw effluent characteristic is considered to have the following
characteristic
pH - 7.5 – 8.5
BOD, mg/l - 250 - 300 (max)
COD, mg/l - 450 - 500 (max)
TSS, mg/l - 300 - 350 (max)
O&G, mg/l - 30 – 50 (max)

20.  Treated Water Quality
The treated water characteristics as per P.C.B norms will be as
follows:
pH - 6.5 – 7.5
BOD, mg/l - < 20
COD, mg/l - <150
TSS, mg/l - < 10
O&G, mg/l - < 10

21. Conclusion
Our aim is to make this water safe for disposal in natural
environment or to use it for other purposes.
Most Probable Number value (Characteristics of water)
was higher again indicating the polluted nature of the
waste water.
Higher quantity of inorganic nutrients like nitrogen &
phosphorus was found present in the waste water.

22. The waste water has a pH range of 7.5-8.5
Disposal without any treatment in to fresh water body may
impose the danger of Aquaculture as well as serious
problems of health and hygiene.
The treated wastewater can be utilized for purposes like
gardening, agriculture, aquaculture washing vehicles and
cleaning garages, etc.

23. SCOPE OF PROJECT
With UN reports warning of water stress being
faced by the two thirds of global population by 2025, the
scope of waste water treatment is a large one.
These Sewage treatment plants can be installed in
numerous setups which may be industrial, institutional,
in human colonies as well as agricultural lands until
there is requirement for safe disposal of waste water
generated.

24. Reference
 Manual on water supply and treatment, C.P.H.E.E.O., (Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization)
Ministry of Urban Development; Government of India, New Delhi.
 Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment, C.P.H.E.E.O., Ministry of Urban Development; Government of India, New Delhi.
 SciTech Encyclopedia (2007) (http://www.answer.com/topic/sewagetreatment)
 A.K. Jain; Environmental Engineering, Khanna Publishing House.
 S.K. Garg; Water supply and Sewage
 Research Paper:
 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Bharwara-Sewage-Treatment-Plant-STP-Lucknow-India-capacity-345-
MLD_fig1_333317287
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339644542_A_Case_Study_on_Sewage_Treatment_Plant_STP_Delawas_Jaip
ur
 http://ijesc.org/upload/5fb259d8eb2753b4d0ea2dcd3290b357.A%20Case%20Study%20on%20Sewage%20Treatment%2
0Plant%20(STP),%20Delawas,%20Jaipur.pdf

25. THANKYOU