pantograph dental articulator

1. Pantograph
Prepared by
Dr Sara Bahaa Osman

2. A pantograph is an instrument used to record in one or more
planes, the paths of mandibular movement and to provide
information for the programming an articulator so that
articulator movements will be in harmony with the patient’s
mandibular movements
Pantograph

3. Pantograph
A pantographic tracing is a graphic record of mandibular
movement, usually recorded in horizontal, sagittal, and frontal
planes, and physically registered by styli-tracing on recording
tables, or by means of motion-sensitive electronics.

4. Pantograph resembles a complicated facebow
It’s three dimensional graphic tracer

5. (A)Pantograph – traces the mandibular movement in three
planes using a styli and recording plates attached to a facebow.
(B) Pantogram – the tracings recorded in the three planes.

6. • It consists of two facebows one is attached to maxilla and the other is
attached to and move along the mandible.
• .The static facebow has 6 tracing flags. 4 flags near the condyle (2
sagittal and 2 horizontal) and 2 flags in the front (on either side of the
midline). The mandibular frame has 6 styli corresponding to the
maxillary flags.

7. Dental pantograph

8. • In electronic pantographs, the recording units are
replaced by sensors and electronic style.

9. • Dental pantograph includes mechanical ,mechano-electronic and
opto-electronic recording methods.
• Mechanical pantograph (traditional method) is considered accurate
and reliable however the technique is time consuming and
technique sensitive.

10. • Mechano electronic recorders and optoelectronic recorders permit
easier and quicker recording of mandibular movements , programming
the articulator and storing permanent records compared with traditional
pantograph.
• Mechano electronic recorders are so named because styli physically
move across digital recording plates, mandibular movement us
recorded by the digital contact plates and processed by the software,
values for programming most articulators are then generated by the
computer.

11. •Opto-electronic recorders have coded wireless
sensors attached to maxillary and mandibular face
bows, the sensor movement is optically tracked by
camera , three dimensional information information
is processed by the computer and articulator values
are generated.

12. • During jaw movement, the styli will move and create markings on
the flags. These markings can be used to program (set up) the
articulator.
• The marking on the sagittal flags (created during protrusive
movement) will provide the horizontal condylar guidance for each
condyle. This angle can be measured and set in the articulator.

13. • The marking on the horizontal condylar flags
(created using side-to -side movement) will provide
the values for the sagittal condylar guidance . This
angle can also be measured and set in the articulator.

14. •Programming a fully adjustable articulator using
the pantographic record :
• The upper cast should be mounted using a
kinematic facebow record and the lower is
mounted using an inter occlusal bite record.

15. • The markings on the anterior flags will provide information
of the semiobtrusive and laterotrusive path of the mandible.
• The hinge axis should be located before tracing mandibular
movements. This can be done with a kinematic facebow or
the pantograph.

16. •The distance between the two styli is the inter condylar
distance. The condylar guide in a fully adjustable
articulator can be adjusted to coincide with the inter
condylar distance of the patient..
•The horizontal condylar inclination can be determined
by locking the styli at the end of protrusive excursive
pattern . The angle of horizontal condylar inclination
can be read from the markings on the condylar guide.

17. • The anterior tracings provide the angle of the mediotrusive and
laterotrusive pathways which are the horizontal determinants of
occlusion. These angles are used as a guide to produce the direction of
grooves and ridges in cusp morphology when the occlusal surface is
built up for full-mouth restoration cases.

18. Pantographic tracing
• Make the rim contact at desired vertical relationship.
• Strips of celluloid paper are placed between the rim and pulled out.
patient is asked to close and restrain the celluloid from slipping a way,
mandible goes to centric relation.
• Softened wax is placed on mandibular occlusal rim and patient is
asked to bite in centric relation