Class 10 Control and coordination

1. COORDINATION
IN PLANTS
Presented by:
SANYA TANVEER
Assistant teacher
IJRS School

2. COORDINATION IN PLANTS
• Plants have no brain like structure to adapt themselves according to the change in
surroundings.
• In plants control and coordination is done by chemical substances called plant hormones or
phytohormones.
• MIMOSA PUDICA/Touch me not/Chui-mui
Seed germination- Roots go down and stem
comes up into air

3. • All the movements in plants are Growth dependent or Growth independent
GROWTH INDEPENDENT MOVEMENTS
• Plant movements that are not related to growth are categorized as growth
independent movement
• Example: Touch me not plant- Leaves curl or droop whenever we touch them
 Plant senses the external triggers that
Causes a physiological response called
stimulus.
• The part of the plant which is moved is
different from the part of the plant which is
touched
• Information is transmitted through
electrochemical means to convey message
from one cell to another.

4. • In plants movements depends upon amount of water present in plant
• When water enters the plant cells they swell, as a result their shape changes
which cause plant movement
Electrochemical gradient

7. Movement
in humans
( due to specialized
protein: actin and
myosin)

8. GROWTH DEPENDANT MOVEMENTS IN PLANTS
• Pea plant tendril
• They are touch sensitive, climb other plants.
• Part of the tendril away from support grows and
encircles or clings the support
Seed germination
• Root goes down and
shoot goes up
• This directional
movement of root and
Shoot is caused because
of growt.

9. The directional movement of plants in response to some environmental stimulus
are called TROPIC MOVEMENT
OR
Turning movement towards/away from stimulus is called tropism
NASTIC MOVEMENT: Movement of the plants which are not dependent upon
direction of stimulus. There is no directional movement here.

10. TROPIC MOVEMENT
 Phototropic movement or phototropism
 Geotropic movements or Geotropism
 Hydrotropic movement or hydrotropism
 Chemotropic movement or chemtropism

11. PHOTOTROPISM : Movement of the plant towards or away from the light
• shoot of the plant grows towards the light and root
grows away from the light
• Stimulus is LIGHT hence the name PHOTOTROPISM

12. • When the movement is TOWARDS the
stimulus it is called Positive tropism
• When the movement is AWAY from the
stimulus it is called Negative tropism

13. GEOTROPISM: Turning movement of plants away/towards the
gravity
Main root is positive tropic while
stem or shoots are negatively tropic

14. Negative
geotropism is
seen in
pneumatophores
of mangrove
plants

15. THIGMOTROPISM/HAPTOTROPISM: Turning
movement away/towards the stimuli of contact/touch.
• Latin name for touch
is Thigmo

16. HYDROTROPISM: Turning movement of plants towards/away
from the water

17. CHEMOTROPISM: Turning movement of plants towards/away from
the Chemicals

19. Negative chemotropism: Movement
of plants away from unhealthy
soil(Low nutrient soil)

20.  Growth independent movements are quick-
Transmission is quick through electrical impulse
Reaches only to cells connected by nervous system
Cells take some time to reset its mechanism
Cells cannot continuously create and transmit electrical impulse
 Growth dependent movements are very slow
We see chemical communication

21. Stimulated cell releases a chemical compound
Compound diffuses around original cell
If neighboring cells have receptors for that chemical
compound, then they would recognize and transmit
the information
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION
This is a slower process but reaches all the
cells of the plant

22. PLANT HORMONES
 Plant growth regulators(PGR)
 Synthesized away from region of action
 Diffusible chemical messengers
Types of Plant Hormones
 Auxin
 Gibberlins Growth promoting hormones A.CAGE
 Cytokinin
 Ethylene
Abscisic acid(ABA) Growth inhibiting hormones

23. AUXIN • Promotes cell elongation
• Natural auxin is Indole 3-acetic
acid(IAA)
• Indole butyric acid (IBA) is both
natural and synthetic auxin

24. Functions:
Cell elongation-10 ppm at shoots 0.0001ppm in roots
Root formation- IAA and NAA used for inducing root formation on cutting
Respiration- Auxin stimulates respiration
Movements- like positive phototropism
Inhibition of abscission- IAA prevents premature falling of leaves and
fruits
Fruit growth- Promotes fruit growth
Sweetening of fruits-IBA increases sweetness of fruits
Parthenocarpy- Spraying IAA and IBA produes seedless fruits

25. 136

26. Functions:
 Found in the node
Growth- Stem elongation, seed germination
Fruit yield- GA3 increases size and number of fruits
Overcoming Dormancy- They break dormancy of buds and seeds
Parthenocarpy
Bolting in rosette plants

27. CYTOKININ • Kinetin is a synthetic cytokinin
• Zeatin is natural cytokinin
• They are synthesized in root tips later
reaches shoot tips

30. Functions:
Growth- shows both growth promotion and inhibition
Promotes senescence and abscission
Breaks dormancy period
Fruit ripening

31. ABSCISIC ACID(ABA)
 Growth inhibitor hormone,
counteracts growth promoting
hormone
 Also called as stress hormone or
dormain as it induces dormancy
Functions
1.Checks excessive transpiration by
closing the stomata

35. HORMONES IN ANIMAL
 Endocrine system
 Animal hormones do not bring directional growth
 Promotes controlled growth in various areas to maintain the body structure
 Chemicals that are secreted in animals to control and coordinate are called
HORMONES
 Hormones are secreted by endocrine glands( ductless glands)
 Eight endocrine glands are present

38. Adrenaline hormone
prepares the body to face
any stress(Fight or flight
hormone)

39. 1. PINEAL GLAND
LOCATION: Forebrain
HORMONE: Luteinizing
and Follicle stimulating
hormone, Oxytocin and
other hormones

40. Functions:
 Secretes melatonin that targets
the brain involved in resulting
daily sleep-wake cycle
 Brings ovulation
and maintains
corpus luteum

41. Oxytocin in utrine contraction and
releasing breast milk

42. 2. PITUATORY GLAND
LOCATION: Forebrain
HORMONES:
 Anterior - thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH)
 adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH)
 follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
 luteinizing hormones (LH)
 Growth hormone (GH) and prolactin
 Posterior- Antidiuretic hormone
ADH or vassopresin and oxytocin

44. Functions:
 MASTER GLAND
 These hormones can affect other organs: thyroid, reproductive organs
and adrenal glands
 Regulates its hormones
 Any disorder in these hormones lead to Gigantism,Drwafism,Diabetes
insipidus, and problems with sexual functions

46. 3. THYROID AND PARATHYROID GLAND
LOCATION: Trachea
HORMONE: Throxine
hormone(T3 & T4) and
calcitonin

47. Functions
 Iodine is necessary for throxin synthesis
 Regulates protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body
 Provides balance for growth
 Deficiency of iodine leads to goitre

48. 4. THYMUS LOCATION: On trachea nearer
to heart
HORMONE: Thymosin
FUNCTIONS: Activates immune
system

49. 5.PANCREAS LOCATION: Below
stomach
HORMONE: Insulin and
glucagon

50. Functions:
 Regulates blood sugar level

51. 6. ADRENAL GLAND
LOCATION:Above kidney
HORMONE: Adrenaline
FUNCTIONS: Prepares the body
to deal with emergency situations

52. 7. TESTIS LOCATION: Male sex organ
HORMONE: Testosterone
FUNCTIONS: Causes
development of sexual organs
and secondary sexual
characteristics in males

53. 8. OVARIES LOCATION: Female sex
organ
HORMONE: Estrogen
FUNCTION: Causes
development of sexual
organs and secondary
sexual characteristics in
females
TESTIS AND OVARIES
ARE CALLED GONADS

54.  Hormones should be secreted in precise quantities
 The timing and amount of hormone released is
regulated by a mechanism called FEEDBACK
MECHANISM

55. Feedback
mechanism
of inslin