Hyperglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level greater than 7.0mmol/l when fasting or greater than 11.0mmol/l two hours after meals. It can be caused by a loss of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, insulin resistance, missing medication doses, eating more carbohydrates than the body can manage, stress, or infection. Common symptoms include increased urination, thirst, hunger, weakness, vision changes, and weight loss. Hyperglycemia is diagnosed through home blood glucose monitoring and A1C testing, and treated through exercise, medication, diet, frequent blood sugar checks, and insulin dose adjustments.

1. HYPERGLYCEMIA

2. DEFINITION:
Hyperglycemia,the term for expressing high blood sugar has been defined
by the world health organization as:
1) Blood glucose level greater than 7.0mmol/l(126mg/dl)when
fasting
2) Blood glucose levels greater than 11.0mmol/l(200mg/dl)2hours
after meals
3) Although blood sugar levels exceeding 7mmol/l for extended
periods of time can start to cause damage to internal organs, symptoms
may not develop until blood glucose levels exceed 11 m mol/l.

3. CAUSES OF HYPERGLYCEMIA
✓ The underlying causes of hyperglycemia will usually be from loss of insulin
producing cells in the pancreas or if the body develops resistance to insulin
✓ Missing a dose of diabetic medication, tablets or insulin.
✓ Eating more carbohydrates than your body and/or medication can
manage.
✓ Being mentally or emotionally stressed.
✓ Contracting an infection.

4. SYMPTOMS:
✓ The main 3 symptoms of high blood sugar level are increased
urination, increased thirst and increased hunger.
✓ weakness or feeling tired
✓ loss of weight
✓ vision blurring

5. DIAGNOSIS
✓Home blood sugar monitoring:
Routine blood sugar monitoring with a blood glucose
meter is the best way to be sure that the treatment plan is keeping
the blood sugar within normal range.
✓Glycated hemoglobin (A1C)test:

6. TREATMENT:
✓ Regular exercise is often an effective way to control the blood
sugar.
✓ medication as directed by the physician.
✓ Diabetes eating plan has to be followed.
✓ Blood sugar has to be monitored frequently as per the advice of
the physician.
✓ Insulin dose has to be adjusted to control hyperglycemia.