This PPT is prepared by Sandeep Shukla for class 9th. Population Geography

1. Geography
Population
Class - 9th
Chapter - 6th
Presented By : Sandeep Shukla
Geographer Sandeep

2. Geographer Sandeep
What is population?
Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city
or town, region, country, continent, or the world.
What does population mean?
Total number of people inhabiting
a specified area or territory (e.g.
population of a village, city, state,
country, world).
Total number of people of a particular
group, race, class or category (e.g.
population of Scheduled Castes,
Scheduled Tribes, or religious groups
like Hindus, Muslims, Christians,
Sikhs)
In biology, collection of inter-
breeding organisms of a particular
species (e.g. population of tigers,
deer, etc.)

3.  The people are very important component of a country.
 India is the second most populous country after China in the world with its total population of 1210 million
(2011).
 India’s population is larger than the total population of North America, South America and Australia put together.
 Such a large population invariably puts pressure on its limited resources and is also responsible for many socio-
economic in the problems in the country.
Sources of Population Data
 Population data are collected through Census operation held every 10 years in our country.
 First Non-synchronous Census: It was conducted in India in 1872 during the reign of Governor-General Lord Mayo.
 First Synchronous Census: The first synchronous census was taken under British rule on February 17, 1881, by W.C.
Plowden (Census Commissioner of India).
 Since then, censuses have been undertaken uninterruptedly once every ten years.

4. History of Census
Ancient and Medieval Period:
• Rigveda: The earliest literature 'Rig-Veda' reveals that some kind of population count was maintained during 800-600 BC
in India.
• Arthashastra: 'Arthashastra' by 'Kautilya' written in the 3rd Century BC prescribed the collection of population statistics as
a measure of state policy for taxation.
• Ain-i-Akbari: During the regime of the Mughal king Akbar, the administrative report 'Ain-e-Akbari' also included
comprehensive data pertaining to population, industry, wealth and many other characteristics.

5. In this chapter, you will find the answers of mainly 3 questions:
 Population size and distribution: How many people are there and where are they located?
 Population growth and processes of population change: How has the population grown and changed through time?
 Characteristics or qualities of the population: What are their age, sex composition, literacy levels,occupational structure and
health conditions?
India, officially the Republic of India, is a
country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest
country by area, the second-most populous
country, and the most populous democracy in
the world.

7. The Government of India created a Ministry of Human Resource
Development in 1985, in place of its earlier Ministry of
Education and Culture. Some of the States also have done so.
This suggests that the idea of people being a humanresource has
gained acceptance.

8. Population Size and Distribution
• India’s Population Size and Distribution by Numbers
• As of March 2011, India’s population was 1,210.6 million which accounts for 17.5% of the world’s population.
• Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state of India as it counts about 16% of the country’s population.
• Almost half of India’s population lives in just five states which are Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal and Andhra
Pradesh.
Geographer Sandeep

9. Geographer Sandeep

10. India’s Population Distribution by Density
• Population Density is calculated as the number of persons per unit area.
• The population density of India in the year 2011 was 382 persons per sq km.
• That’s why India is considered one of the most densely populated countries in the world.
 Unfavorable/harsh climatic conditions, rugged terrain and poor soil fertility are mainly responsible for the low density.
 Rich soil, abundance of rainfall, developed irrigational facilities, moderate climate and urbanization support high density of
population.
 The areas of average fertility, modest rainfall, less developed irrigational facilities and, to some extent, stony/sandy surface
sustain moderate density of population.
Can you state the reasons for such a variation in density among States?

13. Population Growth and Processes of Population Change
The numbers, distribution and composition of the population are constantly changing.
This is the influence of the interaction of the three processes:
1. Birth
2. Death
3. Migration
Geographer Sandeep

14. Processes of Population Change/Growth
Three main processes of change of population are:
1) Birth Rates: Birth rate is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year.
In India, birth rates have always been higher than death rates.
2) Death Rates: Death rate is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a year.
3) Migration: Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories.
Migration can be internal (within the country) or international (between the countries).
It influences the distribution of population within the nation.
In India, the rural-urban migration has resulted in a steady increase in the percentage of the population in cities
and towns.
Geographer Sandeep

15. The age composition of a population refers to the number of people in different age groups in a country.
The population of a nation is grouped into 3 broad categories:
ↈ Children (generally below 15 years): They are economically unproductive and need to be provided with food, clothing,
education and medical care.
ↈ Working Age (15–59 years): They are economically productive and biologically reproductive. They comprise the working
population.
ↈ Aged (Above 59 years): They may be working voluntarily but they are not available for employment through recruitment.
Geographer Sandeep

16. Population Growth
Growth of population refers to the change in the number of inhabitants of a country/territory during a specific period of time.
This change can be expressed in 2 ways:
❶ In terms of absolute numbers: The absolute numbers are obtained by subtracting the earlier population (e.g. that of
2001) from the later population (e.g. that of 2011).
❷ In terms of percentage change per year: It is studied in percent per annum, e.g. a rate of increase of 2 per cent per
annum means that in a given year, there was an increase of two persons for every 100 persons in the base population. This is
referred to as the annual growth rate.
Geographer Sandeep

18.  It is defined as the number of females per 1000 males in the population.
 Sex Ratio is an important social indicator to measure the extent of equality between males and females in a
society at a given time.
Ψ According to the Census 2011, a person aged 7 years and above, who can read and write with understanding in
any language, is treated as literate.
Ψ India’s literacy rate is 73% as per the census of 2011.
Geographer Sandeep

19. Occupational Structure
The distribution of the population according to different types of occupation is referred to as the occupational structure.
Occupations are classified as:
 Primary: Primary activities include agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, fishing, mining and quarrying, etc.
 Secondary: Secondary activities include manufacturing industry, building and construction work, etc.
 Tertiary: Tertiary activities include transport, communications, commerce, administration and other services.
Geographer Sandeep

20. Health
Health is an important component of population composition, which affects the process of development.
The substantial improvement in Public Health in our country is the result of many factors such as:
 Prevention of infectious diseases
 Application of modern medical practices in diagnosis and treatment of ailments
Geographer Sandeep

21. Adolescent Population
 Adolescents are grouped in the age group of 10 to 19 years.
 They are the most important resource for the future.
 It constitutes one-fifth of the total population of India.
 Nutrition requirements of adolescents are higher than those of a normal child or adult.
Geographer Sandeep

22. National Population Policy
 The National Population Policy (NPP) 2000 provides a policy framework for imparting free and compulsory
school education up to 14 years of age.
 It also helps in reducing infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live births.
 Achieving universal immunisation of children against all vaccine-preventable diseases.
 Promoting delayed marriage for girls, and making family welfare a people-centred programme.
 NPP 2000 also put emphasis on other important needs of adolescents including protection from unwanted
pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
Geographer Sandeep

23. It aims towards encouraging:
 Delayed marriage and child-bearing.
 Education of adolescents about the risks of unprotected sex.
 Making contraceptive services accessible and affordable.
 Providing food supplements.
 Nutritional services.
 Strengthening legal measures to prevent child marriage.
National Population Policy
Continue..............

25. Geographer Sandeep
Geographer Sandeep
Geographer Sandeep

26. 1. What is the meaning of ‘Population distribution’?
The way in which people are spread across a given area is known as population distribution.
2. What are the reasons for ‘Migration’?
Main reasons for migration are:
1. Economic
2. Social
3. Political
4. Environmental
3. What are the ‘Smart cities’ of India?
The first ten smart cities of India will be Bhubaneswar, Pune, Jaipur, Surat, Ludhiana, Kochi, Ahmedabad, Solapur, New Delhi and Udaipur.
Geographer Sandeep