Structural loads

1. TOPIC:
STRUCTURAL LOADS
Presented by:
SAMI ULLAH
Study at Sarhad University Peshawar.
E-mail: Samiullahkhan157@yahoo.com

2. TYPES OF STRUCTURAL LOADS
Introduction:
 The main purpose of a structure is to transfer load from one point to another, bridge
deck to pier; slab to beam; beam to girder; girder to column; column to foundation;
foundation to soil.
 There can also be secondary loads such as thermal (in restrained structures),
dierential settlement of foundations, P-Delta effects (additional moment caused by
the product of the vertical force and the lateral displacement caused by lateral load
in a high rise building).
Loads are generally subdivided into two categories

3. TYPES OF STRUCTURAL LOADS
Introduction:
 The main purpose of a structure is to transfer load from one point to another, bridge
deck to pier; slab to beam; beam to girder; girder to column; column to foundation;
foundation to soil.
 There can also be secondary loads such as thermal (in restrained structures),
dierential settlement of foundations, P-Delta effects (additional moment caused by
the product of the vertical force and the lateral displacement caused by lateral load
in a high rise building).
Loads are generally subdivided into two categories

4. Vertical Loads or Gravity Loads:
1. dead load (DL)
2. live load (LL)
also included are snow loads.
Lateral Loads:
1. Wind load (WL)
2. Earthquake load (EL)
this also includes hydrostatic and earth loads.

5. Vertical Loads:
1. Dead Loads:
 The weight of the materials which form a permanent part of the structure, as
opposed to imposed load.
 Unchanging or dead weights a structure must support i.e Roof, Beams, Flooring.
2. Live Loads:
 Changing weights on a structure in need of support, such as people, furniture, rain,
or snow.
 Imposed load.

6. 3. Snow Load:
 Roof snow loads vary greatly depending on geographic location and elevation.
They range from 20 to 45 psf.
 Snow loads are always given on the projected length or area on slope.
 The steeper the roof, the lower the snow retention.
Lateral Loads:
1. Wind Loads:
Engineer have made great efforts to understand wind loading since the Tay Bridge
disaster in 1879.
 Load due to wind is called wind Loads.

7.  Wind load depend on: velocity of wind, shape of the building, height,
geographical location, texture of the building surface and stiffness of the
structure.
2. Earthquake Load:
 Lateral loads due to earthquake is called the earthquake load on building.
3. Hydrostatic Load:
 Submerge buildings are subjected to water loads which is called the hydrostatic
load.
4. Earth Load:
 Underground building structure are subjected to earth pressure.