First step in learning the insight of biotechnology tools and methods. this slide topic help you discover new methods used in biotechnology and how this field can help you understand medical tools and its correlation with modern biotechnology. prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases is very advance tool in biotech as it helps us to diagnose diseases in early embryonic stages. I hope this topic makes you feel more comfortable in understanding new things about medical biotechnology
2.
Placental biopsy, is a prenatal test that involves taking a
sample of tissue from the placenta to test for
chromosomal abnormalities
Tells us:
chromosome analysis
molecular genetic diagnosis like down syndrome or
abnormal chromosomal number
biochemical diagnosis.
Placental biopsy:
3.
A long needle no. 16 B.D.
with stylet
a 20cc syringe containing
10cc of saline with 1cc of
sodium citrate solution
Fine needle for local
anesthesia.
Materials:
4.
Selection of the Puncture Site:
1. tap puncture is performed
slightly over the umbilicus
2. the position of the uterus is
corrected, especially the axial
rotation
Technique Employed:
1. Local anesthesia up to the
uterine wall
2. Biopsy needle is introduced as
not to injure the chorial vessels
3. Small pieces of the villi can be
seen
4. Visualization under electron
microscope
Steps to follow
5.
Umbilical blood sampling,
a sample of the baby's blood is
removed from the umbilical cord for
testing.
It may be performed for various
reasons which include:
establish the degree of a fetal anemia
further investigation of an
underlying chromosomal anomaly
further investigation of an in utero
infection
Cordocentesis
6.
a 20-gauge spinal needle is
inserted under direct
sonographic guidance
towards the umbilical vein
a posterior placenta
increases the difficulty of the
procedure
a muscle relaxant may be
required prior to the
procedure to immobilise the
intervening fetus.
Steps to perform:
7.
Detection of hereditary conditions of the fetus that cannot
be identified through more conventional methods such as
amniocentesis or CVS.
Detect skin disorders such as
1. Bullous disease
2. Pigment cell disorders
3. Problems with proper development of epidermal
appendages
Fetal tissue biopsy:
8.
Local anesthetic is used to
anestheize the maternal skin
A trocar inserted into the
mother’s abdomen
Used to obtain a fetal skin sample
From the thorax, back, or the
scalp
Steps to perform
9.
A special ultrasound, called a nuchal translucency
screening, measures baby's nasal bone as well as the fluid
at the back of your baby's neck.
It's a way of checking fetus:
Down syndrome
Edward's syndrome (trisomy 18) trisomy 13 etc
Nuchal Translucency and
Blood Test:
10.
A technician will take a
quick blood sample from
your arm or fingertip. The
nuchal translucency
screening is a normal
ultrasound
It will take between 20 to
40 minutes.
Steps to follow
11.
Invasive prenatal diagnosis is most commonly
performed to assess the embryonal chromosome set.
An increasing number of monogenic diseases can be
diagnosed prenatally by either genetic or biochemical
testing
A number of malformations can be ascertained
prenatally by ultrasonography.
Conclusion:
