How energy flows

1. “HOW ENERGY
FLOWS” Energy flows begins
when autotrophs
capture and covert
solar into chemical
energy through
photosynthesis.
So, what is energy
flows?
Energyflowisaflowof
energythroughliving
thingswithinan
ecosystem.

2. HETEROTROPHS
ARE GENERALLY
CLASSIFIED
INTO FOUR
TYPES:
HERBIVORES,
CARNIVORES,
OMNIVORES,
AND
DECOMPOSERS.
• Herbivores feed exclusively on
plants and algae.
• Carnivores eat both animals, or a
flesh-eating animal.
• Omnivores consume both plants
and animals.
• Decomposers organism that break
down dead organic material.

3. SO, WHAT IS FOOD
CHAIN?
• Food chain is a group
of organisms linked in
order of the food they
eat from producers,
consumers, and from
prey, predators,
scavengers, and
decomposers.

5. “PYRAMID OF
BIOMASS AND
ENERGY”
•Biomass is the total mass
of all living organisms at a
given time.
•Energy is the number of
calories in an individual or
within a group of
organisms.
The number of
organisms at each
trophic level can
be depicted
through the
pyramid of
biomass and the
pyramid

6. PYRAMID OF BIOMASS AND
ENERGY
In both pyramids,
the base represents
the producer, while
the apex represents
the highest-level
consumers, or the
top predator.
The two
representations are
used to
quantitatively show
how much energy is
transferred from one
trophic level to the
next

7. “PYRAMID”
• In this figure, notice that biomass
of the producer is greater than the
biomass of the herbivores, which is
also greater than the biomass of the
carnivores.

8. “THE ENERGY OF THE PYRAMID”
• The same pattern can be observed
for the energy of the organisms in
this figure both biomass and energy
generally decreases from the bottom
to the top of the pyramids.

9. “ENERGY
TRANSFER”
• For example, a plant contains 1000
kcal of energy. If a cow consumes
the plant, it only acquires 10% of
this energy or 100 kcal. When
humans eats the meat of the cow,
they utilize only 10% of the cow's
energy or 10 kcal. The 10% rule
limits the number of trophic levels
in ecosystem because rest of the
energy is consumed by the organism
and lost as heat.
The decrease of biomass and
energy from one trophic level
to another can be attributed
to the rule of ten this states
that the amount of energy
transferred from one trophic
level to the next is only about
10%

10. “THE
BIOGEOCHEMICA
L CYCLES”
• The ways in which an element or
compound such as water moves between
its various living and non-living forms and
locations in the biosphere. Biogeochemical
cycles important living organisms include
the water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus,
and sulfur cycles.

11. “THE WATER CYCLE”
• the water cycle shows the continues
movement of the water within the earth
and atmosphere. It is a complex system
that included many different processes.
Liquid water evaporates into water vapor,
condenses to form clouds and
precipitates back to earth in the form of
rain and snow.

12. “THE CARBON CYCLE”
• The carbon cycle describes how carbon
moves between the atmosphere soil living
creatures, the ocean, and human sources.
• Carbon present in the atmosphere is
absorbed by plants for photosynthesis then
plants are then consumed by animals and
carbon get accumulated into their bodies.
Then animals and plants eventually die, and
upon decomposing, carbon is released back
into the atmosphere

13. “THE OXYGEN
CYCLE”
• Oxygen is another
important substance in
an ecosystem. During
photosynthesis, plants
release oxygen into the
atmosphere were during
animal respiration oxygen
is utilized to released the
energy in food.

14. “THE SULFUR CYCLE”
• The sulfur cycle describes the
movement through the geosphere
and biosphere. Sulfur is released
from rocks through weathering and
then assimilated by plants and
animals and released when they
decompose.

15. “THE NITROGEN CYCLE”
• Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for
sustaining life on earth. Nitrogen is converted
into many forms consecutively passing from
the atmosphere to soil to organism and back
into the atmosphere. It involves several
processes such as nitrogen fixation,
nitrification, denitrification. Decay and
putrefaction.

16. “THE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE”
• The phosphorus cycle is the
biogeochemical cycle that describes
the transformation and translocation
of phosphorus in soil, water, and
living and dead organic material. It
starts on weathering, absorption by
plants. Absorption by animals.
Return to the environment through
decomposition.