NOx and the City - Solutions through Technology
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Presentation by Robert Mansell, The City of Edinburgh Council
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NOx and the City - Solutions through Technology
- 1. NOx and the City Solutions through Technology Robert Mansell The City of Edinburgh Council
- 2. Contents • TDC E-Motes Installation • The use of SCOOT • Other possibilities • The Green Transport conundrum
- 3. Real time monitoring • TDC E-Mote system • 14 Motes sensors measuring NO, NO2 and CO • St Johns Road, Edinburgh • Existing AQMA
- 4. E-Motes • Motes sensors for CO, NO and NO2 • Funded by a grant from The Scottish Government • One sensor installed next to Casella monitor • Data under analysis
- 5. SCOOT for Traffic Signals • Co-ordinated control for Traffic Signals • Networks of closely spaced junctions • Initial trials started in the 1970s • Edinburgh has latest version – SCOOT MMX Emission Reduction with SCOOT CO 20% VOC 16% NOx 7% PM10 10% Reduces emissions by minimising delays and stops
- 6. SCOOT Emissions Model • Scoot has an emissions model • Uses an assumed a traffic mix (last revised in 2010) • Takes data from real time Scoot traffic model • Gives estimates of pollution • Possible to optimise on reducing emissions • Studies suggest improvement of 1-2% over normal Scoot SCOOT being implemented on St John’s Road at Ardmillan in Edinburgh
- 7. Other ideas • Queue relocation, A90 in Edinburgh • Active pavements • LEZ and Enforcement • Bus priority
- 8. Encouraging greener travel • Improve provision for cyclists and pedestrians • Widening footways, adding cycles lanes • Priority at crossings and junctions • Reducing capacity for general traffic • Closing streets • Edinburgh Tram
- 9. But can we have everything? • Reducing capacity causes congestion • Congestion causes Air Quality problems So we encourage more people to walk & ride on our streets whilst worsening the Air Quality…
Editor's Notes
- The City of Edinburgh Council have been interested in real time monitoring of Air Quality for some time now, and have been in discussions with suppliers about the various systems available. We have gone for the TDC E-Motes system. This is a combination of the exciting new technology and capabilities of the Motes product with the proven record of support and expertise with TDC.There are 14 sensors and two access points. The access points are installed at traffic signals sites as these need power. The remote sensors have batteries and solar panels. The system uses wireless communications to the Zigbee standard. Data is returned to TDC using the O2 / GSM network. This is then collected together and forwarded to CEC for analysis.
- There are various MOTES sensors available, we are using CO, NO and NO2. A particulate sensor has recently been made available as an option. The units also measure temperature as well. The system has been funded by a grant from the Scottish Government.There is a Casella monitor located at the bottom of Clermiston Road, a Motes device has been installed on a pole adjacent to this. As part of the analysis work, a check will be made on how well the data corresponds between the two sensors. Passive diffusion tubes are also used as a check.What can we do with the data? As well as identifying the hot spots across the network, the data can be made available in real time. This introduces the possibility to act on it. By feeding the data into the common database, we could use it to enact strategies. This could be to modify the plans at the traffic signals on St John’s Road, perhaps holding traffic back out of the worst areas. We also have VMS signs which could be used to relay messages to drivers.
- SCOOT is control system for co-ordinating networks of closely spaced traffic signals. Originally developed by TRL in the 1970s, it has been extended and improved over the years to meet today’s challenges. Edinburgh has now installed the latest version – SCOOT MMX SP1 – in March this year.The philosophy behind SCOOT is to minimise stops and delays, loop detectors in the road surface pass traffic information back to the central computer which then optimises the timings and sends out commands to change the signals at the correct times.Although not originally designed for minimising traffic sourced air pollution, it turns out that by keeping traffic moving and minimising stops and queues, this reduces vehicle emissions very effectively.Studies overseen by TRL confirm that there are some considerable improvements over standard, un-coordinated traffic signal control. Edinburgh operates SCOOT on the major radials into the City, and also manages a network in Musselburgh on behalf of East Lothian Council.The major cost / drawback of using SCOOT is to stay on top of loop maintenance, although historic timings are written into ASTRID – a database which helps give expected timings, useful for filling in the gaps.
- Reducing capacity to make space for greener forms of transport then worsens congestion. Measures such as all-red pedestrian stages takes time away from traffic and reduce capacity. This can be partially mitigated by increasing cycle times, but this then lengthens waiting times for pedestrians and traffic, and hence increases queuing.We are encouraging pedestrians and cyclists on to our streets and then making congestion worse as well! This means more people are affected by worse air pollution…There is a constant battle between maintaining an efficient transport system and creating more space for bikes & pedestriansLooking at other forms of green transport – it is clear that trams have proved very expensiveBus services are de-regulated, unlike in London, and we have to look at different ways to work with bus operators to reduce pollution. Managing developments that require cars, such as out-of-town shopping etc