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Molasses and its by products
- 1. MOLASSES
- 2. INTRODUCTION ◻ By product from the cane sugar processing ◻ Thick, sticky can be used for sweetening ◻ Black colour ◻ Used in cooking and baking
- 4. BLACK STRAP MOLASSES – BENEFITS ◻ Rich in minerals such as manganese, iron, copper, calcium, magnesium, potassium ◻ Vitamins – B1, B3, B5, B6 ◻ Anti oxidant ◻ Prevent anemia ◻ Low glycemic index – stabilize blood sugar ◻ Lower blood pressure and Cholesterol
- 5. ◻ Dry substance – 80% ◻ Sucrose – 27% ◻ Non sucrose – 44% ◻ Brix – 90 ◻ True purity = 45 ◻ Apparent purity = 30 ◻ Gravity purity = 40 Characteristic of molasses
- 6. Distilleries ◻ Distilleries - Alcohol producing industries ◻ Alcoholic industries uses different grains, malted barley and molasses as a raw material ◻ Types of alcoholic industries ⬜ Beverage alcoholic industries- uses grains and malted barley ⬜ Industrial alcoholic – uses molasses
- 7. Ethanol from molasses ◻ India is the second largest producers of the world to convert molasses into alcohol ◻ Ethanol has become one of the important products as alternative feedstock for large number of organic chemicals and fuel. ◻ It can be prepared by fermentation of molasses ◻ Typical reaction as follows
- 8. Preparation of Ethanol form molasses 1 •M o l a s s e s h a n d l 2 •F e r m e n t a t i o n f e e d i n g s 3 f y e a s t i n o c u l a m , p r o p a 4 •F e r m e n t a t i o n 5 t e a l c o h o l f o r r e m o v a l o 6 o l t o r e c t i f i e d s p i r i t a n
- 10. Molasses handling ◻ It involves ⬜ Weighing of the molasses ⬜ pumping of molasses to the molasses tank from which the measured quantity of molasses is transferred to the fermenter
- 11. Preparation of yeast inoculam, propagation of yeast ◻ Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)) material is prepared in water cooled yeast vessels by inoculating molasses with yeast ◻ Then transferred to aerated yeast activation vessel to allow time for yeast cell multiplication
- 12. FERMENTATION ◻ Conversion of sugar into ethanol and by products ◻ After fermentation alcohol content 8-10 % ◻ Fermentation exothermic process – heat will be generated ◻ Rising temperature reduces alcohol productivity ◻ Nutrients added intermittently depending upon requirement ◻ Sulphuric acid and anti foaming agent added to control pH and excess air ◻ After fermentation dil. Liquor is preheated and pumped the beer still where the alcohol 50-60percent
- 13. Distillation of dilute alcohol for removal of impurities ◻ Aldehydes and other impurities is distilled off. Then it is move to the aldehyde column were its recovered ◻ Residue at the bottom of the beer column known as slops or tillage are discharged and treated for the recovery of energy
- 14. Concentration of the dilute alcohol to rectified spirit and absolute alcohol ◻ Diluted alcohol is concentrated to 95-96percent alcohol in the rectifying column
- 15. Molasses : Fertilizer ◻ Ash content is high in molasses ◻ It contains all in organic species , especially high in potash ◻ Molasses increase organic matter in the soil, promotes microbial activity , add some useful trace elements , improves soil aggregation and reduces surface crusting in hard setting soils ◻ Molasses hard to handle, uniform application is big risk ◻ So mixture of molasses and filter cake may be a better option
- 16. How to prepare molasses fertilizer? ◻ Molasses is excellent when applied to soil in conjunction with organic fertilizer ◻ Basic mixture – 15 to 45 ml back strap molasses (un sulphited molasses ) mixed with 3.8 liter liquid fertilizer mix / 1 gallon tea compost , alfalfa meal
- 18. ◻ SPM- Sugar Press Mud obtained during processing of sugar cane and cane juice processing ◻ Cane juice processing – filtration, precipitation ◻ Composition
- 19. Molasses : Animal Feed ◻ Liquid molasses is combined with an absorbent carrier material, such as soybean hulls, etc , then dried. ◻ Other Raw material used as adsorbents ⬜ Maize ⬜ Groundnut split ⬜ Rapeseed ⬜ Deoiled cake ⬜ Deoiled Rice bran ⬜ Polised rice fine ⬜ Soybean hulls
- 20. Molasses Animal Feed: Manufacturing Process ◻ All materials are weighed accurately and stored in ware house/ silo ◻ Minor nutrient mix such as urea, mineral mix and vitamin mix are mixed with the major nutrients ◻ The weighed ingredients were pulverized and mixed thoroughly and pre heated molasses was added to the required portion ◻ Then it was pelletized followed by bagging, labeling and dispatching
- 21. Molasses: Invert Sugar ◻ Inversion sugars ◻ Traditionally invert sugar produced from sucrose using mineral acids like H2SO4 and HCL ◻ This methods conversion has low conversion efficiency (65-70%), high ash content , undesirable product formation 7-8 %, Dark Color ◻ Novel technique – invertase enzyme ◻ Application – confectionery, bakery, beverages and pharmaceutical formation
- 24. Process Description ◻ Molasses is collected from either the factory molasses pumps or from the molasses tank ◻ Molasses diluted to appropriate concentration by addition of water ◻ Chemicals H3PO4 and NaOH added as required ◻ Filtration – Leaf Filter ◻ Filtered molasses softened in ion exchange column filled with strong cationic resin ◻ Soft molasses then evaporated to 65 brix and inverted using enzyme or acids ◻ Chromatographic separation plant has 8 column , molasses eluted with water ◻ Two portion obtained. Extract (sugar portion), Raffinate (Salt Portion)
- 25. BIO GAS
- 26. Introduction ◻ Bio gas produced by digestion of organic matter in the absence of oxygen - this process called as anaerobic digestion ◻ Biogas is mixture of ⬜ methane (50-60 per cent), ⬜ CO2 (30 – 40 per cent), ⬜ hydrogen (5-10 per cent), ⬜ H2S and nitrogen (traces)
- 27. Anaerobic Digestion Process ◻ It has four steps ⬜ hydrolysis- complex organic polymers into monomers ⬜ Acidogenesis – formation of hydrogen and carbon dioxide as well as non gaseous fermentation products ⬜ Acetogenesis – non gaseous substances further oxidized to hydrogen, carbon dioxide and acetate ⬜ Methanogenesis – methane gas production