A Street Is A Terrible Thing To Waste - Vision Zero and Complete Streets

1. A Street Is A Terrible
Thing To Waste
John Montague Massengale AIA
Norman W. Garrick
john@massengale.com
norman.garrick@gmail.com

2. A Street Is A Terrible Thing To Waste
Vision Zero & Completer Streets
Terrible
Lafayette Street, New York, New York

4. S i n g e l g r a c h t , A m s t e r d a m , t h e
N e t h e r l a n d s

5. A Street Is A Terrible Thing To Waste

6. F u n c t i o n a l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n – A r t e r i a l s , C o l l e c t o r s , L o c a l
L e v e l o f
S e r v i c e ( L O S )

7. F u n c t i o n a l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n – L e v e l o f S e r v i c e ( L O S )
T r a d i t i o n a l N e i g h b o r h o o d – W a l k a b l e I n d e x N u m b e r ( W I N )

9. Text
T h e N e w U r b a n T r a n s e c t d e s c r i b e s t h e r a n g e o f n a t u r a l a n d
b u i l t e n v i r o n m e n t s f r o m t h e h e a r t o f t h e w i l d e r n e s s t o t h e
c e n t e r o f t h e c i t y . T h e d i a g r a m f o r t h e T r a n s e c t s h o w t h e s e
a s T r a n s e c t Z o n e s : e a c h u r b a n T - z o n e i s a n e i g h b o r h o o d
w i t h m o s t o r m a n y o f t h e n e e d s a n d a c t i v i t i e s o f d a i l y l i f e
w i t h i n a s h o r t f i v e - t o - t e n m i n u t e w a l k .

10. Text

11. Text

12. T1 - C e n t r a l P a r k S t e p s , N e w Y o r k , N e w Y o r k

13. T5, M e t r o p o l i t a n M u s e u m o f A r t , N e w Y o r k , N e w

16. V i a A p p i a A n t i c a ( t h e A p p i a n W a y ) , R o m e , I t a l y

17. L i t t l e b r e d y L a n e , D o r s e t , E n g l a n d

18. M a i n S t r e e t , C o o p e r s t o w n , N e w Y o r k

19. H o f f m a n L a n e , C o o p e r s t o w n , N e w Y o r k

20. P e q u o t A v e n u e & O l d S o u t h R o a d , S o u t h p o r t ,
C o n n e c t i c u t

21. Q u i n c e S t r e e t , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P e n n s y l v a n i a

22. M a r k e t S t r e e t , C h a r l e s t o n , S o u t h C a r o l i n a

23. C e n t r e S t r e e t , N e w Y o r k , N e w Y o r k .

24. R e g e n t S t r e e t , L o n d o n , E n g l a n d

25. R e g e n t S t r e e t , L o n d o n , E n g l a n d , 1 8 1 4 P l a n

26. A i r S t r e e t ( R e g e n t S t r e e t ) , L o n d o n , E n g l a n d

27. P a s e o d e G r a c i a , B a r c e l o n a , S p a i n

28. L o n g m o o r S t r e e t , P o u n d b u r y , E n g l a n d

29. L o n g m o o r S t r e e t , P o u n d b u r y , E n g l a n d

30. D a u p h i n e S t r e e t , N e w O r l e a n s , L o u i s i a n a

31. M a i n S t r e e t , N a n t u c k e t , M a s s a c h u s e t t s

32. M a i n S t r e e t , N a n t u c k e t , M a s s a c h u s e t t s

33. M a i n S t r e e t , N a n t u c k e t , M a s s a c h u s e t t s

34. M a i n S t r e e t , N a n t u c k e t , M a s s a c h u s e t t s

35. M a i n S t r e e t , N a n t u c k e t , M a s s a c h u s e t t s

36. M a i n S t r e e t , N a n t u c k e t , M a s s a c h u s e t t s

37. M a i n S t r e e t , N a n t u c k e t , M a s s a c h u s e t t s

38. M a i n S t r e e t , G r e a t B a r r i n g t o n , M a s s a c h u s e t t s

39. M a i n S t r e e t , G r e a t B a r r i n g t o n , M a s s a c h u s e t t s

40. R a i l r o a d S t r e e t , G r e a t B a r r i n g t o n , M a s s a c h u s e t t s

41. R a i l r o a d S t r e e t , G r e a t B a r r i n g t o n , M a s s a c h u s e t t s

42. M a i n S t r e e t , G r e a t B a r r i n g t o n , M a s s a c h u s e t t s

43. M a i n S t r e e t , G r e a t B a r r i n g t o n , M a s s a c h u s e t t s

44. M a i n S t r e e t , G r e a t B a r r i n g t o n , M a s s a c h u s e t t s

45. M a i n S t r e e t , G r e a t B a r r i n g t o n , M a s s a c h u s e t t s

46. S t r e e v e r F a r m R o a d , D u t c h e s s C o u n t y , N e w Y o r k

47. M a d i s o n S q u a r e , N e w Y o r k , N e w Y o r k

48. M a d i s o n S q u a r e , N e w Y o r k , N e w Y o r k

49. B r o a d w a y a t H e r a l d S q u a r e , N e w Y o r k , 1 9 0 8

50. B r o a d w a y a t H e r a l d S q u a r e , N e w Y o r k , N e w Y o r k , c i r c a 1 9 0 7

51. F i f t h A v e n u e a t 4 0 t h S t r e e t , N e w Y o r k , N e w Y o r k , 1 9 0 9

52. F i f t h A v e n u e a t 3 8 t h S t r e e t , N e w Y o r k , N e w Y o r k , 1 9 0 9

53. F i f t h A v e n u e a t 3 8 t h S t r e e t , 1 9L e x i n g t o n A v e n u e a t 8 9 t h S t r e e t , 1 9 1 4
2 0 1 2

54. L e x i n g t o n A v e n u e , N e w Y o r k , N e w Y o r k

55. Complete Street after Road Diet, Anywhere, Florida

56. Complete Street after Road Diet, Anywhere, Florida

57. S e c o n d A v e n u e N e w Y o r k , N e w Y o r k .

58. “ T h e 2 1 s t C e n t u r y S t r e e t , ” B r o o k l y n , N e w Y o r k

60. E a s t 4 t h S t r e e t , L o n g B e a c h , C a l i f o r n i a

61. E a s t 4 t h S t r e e t , L o n g B e a c h , C a l i f o r n i a

62. ” T h e t r o u b l e w i t h t r a f f i c e n g i n e e r s i s t h a t w h e n t h e r e ' s a
p r o b l e m w i t h a r o a d , t h e y a l w a y s t r y t o a d d s o m e t h i n g , ”
s a y s H a n s M o n d e r m a n , T r a f f i c E n g i n e e r . “ T o m y m i n d , i t ’ s
b e t t e r t o r e m o v e t h i n g s . ”

63. W i l l o w S t r e e t , B r o o k l y n , N e w Y o r k

64. American Deaths
0
100
200
300
400
Vietnam
60,000
World War II
130,000
Traffic
380,00
2003-2012

65. Pedestrian Deaths
45,860
Cyclist Deaths
7,002
2003-2012
0
100
200
300
400
Vietnam
60,000
World War II
130,000
Traffic
380,00
2003-2012

66. M a d i s o n S q u a r e , N e w Y o r k , N e w Y o r k

67. There are only two ways to move to zero
traffic deaths. Either separate the people
from the cars, or slow the cars down.
VisionZeroInitiative.com

68. N A C T O / V I S I O N C O N E

73. L a f a y e t t e S t r e e t , N Y C

74. B l e e c k e r S t r e e t l o o k i n g S o u t h

75. “ W e d e s i g n h i g h w a y s f o r a d r i v e r w i t h a B A C o f 0 . 8 %
d r i v i n g 1 0 M P H o v e r t h e s p e e d l i m i t . ” T o l d t o M i c h a e l
R o n k i n , h i s f i r s t d a y o n t h e j o b a t t h e O r e g o n D O T .

76. Shared Space
System Time versus Context Time
Norman W. Garrick
University of Connecticut

78. Shared space is an old idea... rediscovered

79. Shared Space is a reconsideration of how urban space is used

80. In shared space design, signs, signals, lines play a subordinate role

81. The idea is that the design governs how the space is used

82. Storrs, Connecticut, 1950s Subdivision
A shared design that supports pedestrian use

83. Rockport, Cape Ann, Massachusetts
Pedestrians Control, Cars Share

84. Hans Monderman, Dutch Engineer (1945 – 2008)
was inspired by these types of more traditional places in conceptualizing Shared Spaces

85. According to Monderman the best public spaces and streets
are ones where human behavior governs

86. While contemporary traffic engineering is
based on largely on regulation and control
From Presentation by Koop Kerkstra

87. In comparison, this is a design where human behavior controls

88. Monderman conceptualized design as being based on System Time

89. …. or Context Time, where human behavior prevails

90. System Time
Traffic Behavior Governs
Single purpose
Regulated
Impersonal
Uniform
Predictable

91. Context Time
Social Behavior Governs
Multi-functional
Culturally defined
Personal
Diverse
Unpredictable

92. Conventional Design is a bad fit where we can expect Context Time Behavior
In other words, where there is an inconsistency between the design and the context

93. Shared Space Design is a better fit to context time

95. Context Time and
Urban Street Design
Seven Dials, London
Most urban streets are by their nature context time situations,
since they are multifunctional and diverse
Context time design should form the basis for urban street design,
with some level of traffic control as warranted.
It should not be the other way around,
where traffic control is the basic building block of the design.
The level of traffic control will vary depending on the specific design context.

96. How We Got Away from Context Time Design
The Case of Switzerland
Source: Die Disziplinierung Der Stadt Moderner Stadtebau in Zurich 1900 bis 1940 by Daniel Kurz
Traffic Education: The definition of the road, forcing pedestrians to behave.
Illustration from the Zurich Traffic manual, which was distributed to all school children in 1927

98. Example of Contemporary Context Time Design
Hegibachplatz, Zürich
Thanks to the work of Monderman and others, including Ben Hamilton Baillie in the UK
some places are again adopting context time based design

99. Hegibachplatz, Zürich

100. Die Laweiplein, Drachten, The Netherland
one of the earliest new generation shared spaces

101. Die Laweiplein - Before
From Presentation by Koop Kerkstra

102. Deregulating Drachten
From Presentation by Koop Kerkstra

103. Die Laweiplein - Before
From Presentation by Koop Kerkstra

104. Die Laweiplein - After
From Presentation by Koop Kerkstra

105. Die Laweiplein - After
From Presentation by Koop Kerkstra

106. Die Laweiplein Report

107. Assessing the Laweiplein
• Less congestion - time through the
intersection decreased by about 50%
• Relatively constant traffic speed
• Vehicles cede priority to bikes and
pedestrians
• Fewer traffic accidents
• Higher quality of public space

109. Exhibition Road c2011Kensington High Street c2003

110. Reconstructed Section of Kensington High Street
London (UK)

111. “We desired simplicity, quality and elegance”
David Moylan
Deputy Leader
Council of the Royal Borough
of Kensington and Chelsea

112. Kensington High - Before
https://193.36.20.125/EnvironmentalServices/general/hskbeforeafter_photo03.asp

113. Kensington High - After
https://193.36.20.125/EnvironmentalServices/general/hskbeforeafter_photo03.asp

114. Kensington High - Before
https://193.36.20.125/EnvironmentalServices/general/hskbeforeafter_photo03.asp

115. Kensington High - After
https://193.36.20.125/EnvironmentalServices/general/hskbeforeafter_photo03.asp

116. Kensington High

117. Exhibition Road, London

118. Reconstructed Section of Exhibition Road
London (UK)

119. Photo Credit: Ben Hamilton Bailliehttp://www.architecturenorway.no/stories/people-stories/hamiltonbaillie-11/
Great interview with Ben Hamilton Baillie on plans for Exhibition Road
Exhibition Road - Before

129. Poynton, United Kingdom

130. Poynton, UK - Before

131. Poynton, UK - After

132. See more on Poynton at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-vzDDMzq7d0

133. Queens Boulevard
New York, New York
Massengale & Co LLC - UrbanAdvantage

134. Queens Boulevard
New York, New York
Massengale & Co LLC - UrbanAdvantage

135. Queens Boulevard
New York, New York
Massengale & Co LLC - UrbanAdvantage

136. Massengale & Co LLC - UrbanAdvantage
Queens Boulevard
New York, New York

137. VISUALIZING CHANGE
Existing conditions

138. Street Improvements

139. New Buildings

140. Completing Both Sides of the Street

141. In the Future

142. Existing conditions

143. J a n e J a c o b s S q u a r e
S e v e n D i a l s , L o n d o n , E n g l a n d

144. J a n e J a c o b s S q u a r e

145. John Montague Massengale AIA
john@massengale.com
urbanist.massengale.com
Norman W. Garrick
norman.garrick@gmail.com
www.engr.uconn.edu/~garrick