BEED-CE II SUMMER Presentation

2. Introduction
 Among all the earth’s resources, water is
the most basic. All forms of life – plants and
animals including man – are completely
dependent on water. The human body itself
is made up of about 70% moisture. The
universal needs of water, its worldwide
distribution, and apparent inexhaustibility
have led to various human attitudes
towards its utilization and conservation.

3. Courses of water:
 Evaporated
 Run – off ( rivers,
lakes, rapids,
waterfalls)
 Penetrate the surface
( underground
or ground water)

4. Most Outstanding Rivers in
Northern Luzon:
 Cagayan River → the
longest river in the
Philippines, rises in the
Caraballo mountains, then
runs northward through the
entire length of the Cagayan
Valley. Overflowing its banks
yearly, it has made the
Cagayan Valley very fertile
and richest tobacco –
growing region of the
country.

5.  Agno River
→ starts from the
Central Cordillera is
partly developed for
the production of
hydro- electric
power. The waters
of the Agno River
provide the
Ambuklao and the
Binga hydro –
electric plants their
source of water
power.

6.  Pampanga River
→ The Upper Pampanga
River Project located at
Pantabangan, Nueva
Ecija has been
developed for multi –
purposes: irrigation,
water power, water
supply and flood
control.
Angat River→ which flows
through the provinces of
Bulacan and Rizal has likewise
been developed for such
purposes.

7.  Pasig River
→drains Laguna de
Bay and divides the
city of Manila into
two. A large volume
of business is
carried on in the
lower portion of this
river. But it is
heavily polluted due
to many factories in
Metro Manila that
discharge liquid and
solid waste into the
river.
•Bicol River
→which flows from
Lake Bato to the Bay
of San Miguel has
sufficient depth to
admit vessels of small
draught a few miles
up from its mouth. It
is the principal river of
the Bicol region.

8.  Agusan River → drains the Agusan Valley and empties into Butuan
Bay.
 Rio Grande de Mindanao → also known as the Cotabato or Pulangi
River has its headwaters in the interior of Bukidnon Province.

9.  Laguna de Bay
→ the largest lake in
the country, is
believed to have
once been a part of
Manila Bay. It is
now being
developed for
inland fishery. It
can also provide
additional water
supply to meet the
needs of
Metropolitan
Manila.
•Lake Naujan
→ in the northeastern
part of Oriental
Mindoro is 8 kilometers
long and about 5
kilometers wide. It
appears to be of
volcanic origin. It
provides good fishery
resources and helps to
modify the
temperature of the
region.
Lake Bombon
→ whose center lies the
active Taal Volcano.
Formed by the previous
eruptions of the big Taal
Volcano, it is drained by
the Pansipit River which
flows into Balayan Bay.

10. Lake Lanao → a lava-dammed lake is the largest in Mindanao and is an
ideal source of water power. This waterfall is partly developed and is
intended to provide the base for a large industrial complex in
Mindanao.
Lake Mainit → in Surigaodel Norte, has a historical significance. It is reported
that this lake was formed contemporaneously with Camiguin Island for when
measured its area is about the same as that of the island. The name of the lake
is derived from the character of its water which is warm.

11.  It has been mentioned previously that part of the rainfall,
prevented from flowing immediately to the streams and
the seas, penetrates the surface of the earth forming
ground water. The amount of ground water as well as the
depth of the water table is dependent on the amount of
rainfall, the topography of the land, the vegetation cover
and the porosity of the soil.

12.  derive their water supply
from the groundwater. The
location of springs depends
upon the terrain and rock
structures in relation to the
water table. Most of the
springs in the Philippines are
found on the slopes of
mountains and near volcanic
regions .Those formed on
the slopes of mountains are
generally cold water springs
while those found adjacent
to volcanoes are warm and
mineralized.

13.  Pansol Spring in Pansol,
Laguna, which is warm
and medicinal for it, has
some curative properties
for the treatment of
diseases like rheumatism. Tiwi Spring in Albay is likewise
medicinal for its water is used to
treat skin diseases .The springs of
the country , be they cold,
thermal, mineral or medicinal in
character, should be developed
and conserved for they could
become sources of revenue and
satisfy a vital need as regards the
health and water requirements of
a community.

14.  Well is formed when a
supply of water is obtained
by digging or drilling from
the surface of the ground
to the water table.
The term artesian well was derived
from Artois , a province in France ,
where the water from many well
rises above the surface of the earth
like a fountain. Today, however the
term artesian well is commonly
applied to any deep well from
which ground water is brought to
the surface, even though water
does not flow naturally.

15.  The industrial uses of water fall under three
categories:
 (1) as an important ingredient of the finished
product ;
 (2) as an agent for cooling, removing impurities
and preparing solution ; and
 (3) as an agent for diluting and removing of
industrial waste.

16.  The history of irrigation in the country may be traced to pre-Spanish times
when the Ifugao constructed the famous rice terraces of the Mountain
Province which showed a skillful use of irrigation water. During the more
than 300 years of Spanish rule, the government did not build any irrigation
system. However, the Church responsible for the construction of irrigation
systems in the so called Friar Lands that were found in the provinces
around manila and in the Central Plain of Luzon.

17.  The total amount of water power available along a water
course or in particular region is related to (a) the quantity of
water available in the stream, (b) in vertical fall or velocity of
water, and (c) the efficiency of the water wheels or turbines
used for the development of the water resources.
 The Charter of the National Power Corporation (NPC) was
revised and it was assigned the task of undertaking (1) the
comprehensive development, utilization, and conservation of
Philippine water resources for all beneficial uses, including
power generation; and (2) the total electrification of the
Philippines through the development of power from all
sources to meet the needs of industrial development and
dispersal and the needs for more electrification.

19.  When the water resource is used for irrigation or for
generation of hydroelectric power, proper conservation measures
should be taken to prevent silting of the dam and the water
reservoir. The life of the irrigation system as well as the reservoir
for water power will depend greatly upon the volume and height
of the water in the dam or reservoir.