This document discusses five major philosophies of education: essentialism, progressivism, perennialism, existentialism, and behaviorism. Essentialism focuses on basic skills and subjects being essential for students to learn. Progressivism emphasizes learning through experience and projects. Perennialism believes education should transmit important ideas and values of Western culture. Existentialism sees education as a process of self-discovery. Behaviorism views learning as the acquisition of habits through conditioning or reinforcement.