sources of water

2. Pond is a body of standing water.
Either natural or artificial.
Ponds are smaller then lake.
Usually they contain shallow water, marshes and aquatic plants
and animals.
Water lillies frog and turtles.
Decaying plants- invertrebrates- wetland species(fish, diagonfiles
Algae form food web
bodies of water where light penetrates to the bottom of the
water body
Ramsar wetland conservation sets the upper limit for pond
size is 8 hecters
pond can resuly from a wide range of natural proces.
An depression in the ground which collets and retain a sufficient
amount of preciptations can be considerd as pond.

3. Conservation and management
ponds, being small are easly distributed by human
activity such as hikers.
Roads near ponds can kill large number of amphibians
and turtle
Although ponds are a useful source of water for cattle,
overgrazing and wading can turn a pond into a muddy
hole.
Many well intentioned people introduce fish to pond ,
being unware that some species of fish eat aquatic plants
and invertribates.
The design of a pond determines how productive it will
be for wild life.

4. KOIPONDS: AESTHETIC ORNAMENTATION

5. WATER GARDEN: AESTHETIC PURPOUSE

6. Fish pond: commercial fish breeding
Solar pond: store thermal energy
Vernal pond: dry up for part of the year. Naturally
occuring vernal pond do not have fish.
Treatment pond : constructed to treat lightly polluted
water or waste water

7. USES
Production of foods and wild life
Source for humans and as well as an important source of
recreation
Help in maitaining water quality by recycling nutrients
Hindu temples usually have a pond nearby so that
pilgrims can take baths.
In agricultural treatment pond may reduce nutrients
released downstream from the pond.
They may also provide irrigation reservoires at times of
drought.

8. Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean and therefore are distinct
from lagoons and are also larger and deeper than ponds though there
are no official or scientific definitions
Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean and therefore are
distinct from lagoons and are also larger and deeper than ponds.
limnologists have defined lakes as water bodies which are simply
a larger version of a pond, which can have wave action on the
shoreline or where wind-induced turbulence plays a major role in
mixing the water column.
Many lakes are artificial and are constructed for industrial or agricultural
use, for hydro-electric power generation or domestic water supply.
I t for aesthetic or recreational purposes.

9. Characteristics of lake are the following
•It partially or totally fills one or several basins connected by straits
•It has essentially the same water level in all parts (except for
relatively short-lived variations caused by wind, varying ice cover, large
inflows, etc.)
•it does not have regular intrusion of water a considerable portion
of the sediment suspended in the water is captured by the basins (for
this to happen they need to have a sufficiently small inflow-to-volume
ratio)
•the area measured at the mean water level exceeds an arbitrarily
chosen threshold

10. Distribution of lakes
Most lakes have at least one natural outflow in the form of a river
or stream .
which maintains a lake's average level by allowing the drainage of
excess water.
Some lakes do not have a natural outflow and lose water solely by
evaporation or underground seepage or both. They are termed
endorheic lakes.
Many lakes are artificial and are constructed for hydro-electric
power generation, aesthetic purposes, recreational purposes,
industrial use, agricultural use or domestic water supply.
Evidence of extraterrestrial lakes exists; "definitive evidence of
lakes filled with methane was announced by NASA as returned
by the Cassini Probe observing the moon Titan which orbits the
planet Saturn

11. Types of lakes
Artificial lake A lake created by flooding land behind a dam called
an impoundment or reservoir by deliberate human excavation, or
by the flooding of an excavation incident to a mineral-extraction
operation such as an open pit mineor quarry
Fjord lake: A lake in a glacially eroded valley that has been eroded below
sea level
Lava lake: A pool of molten lava contained in a volcanic crater or other
depression. Lava lakes that have partly or completely solidified are also
referred to as lava lakes.
Rift lake or sag pond
A lake which forms as a result of subsidence along a geological fault in
the Earth's tectonic plates.
Examples include the Rift Valley lakes of eastern Africa and Lake Baikal
in Siberia.
Underground lake: A lake which is formed under the surface of the
Earth's crust. Such a lake may be associated with cave

12. A river is a natural flowing water courser usually freshwater,
flowing towards an ocean, sea lake or another river.
Some rivers generate brackish water by having their river mouth
in the ocean.. In some cases a river flows into the ground and
becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another
body of water.
Rivers are part of the hydrological cycle Water generally collects
in a river.
Potamology is the scientific study of rivers while limlogy is the study of
inland waters in general.
Small rivers can be referred to using names such as stream, creek,
brook, rivulet, and rill.

13. Uses
Rivers have been a source of food since pre-history.[18] They can
provide a rich source of fish and other edible aquatic life, and are
a major source of fresh water, which can be used for drinking and
irrigation.
Rivers have been used for navigation for thousands of years. The
earliest evidence of navigation is found in the Indus Valley
Civilization which existed in as a north western Pakistan3300 BC.
Rivers have been used as a source of water, for obtaining food,
for transport defensive measure, as a source of hydro power to
drive machinery, for bathing, and as a means of disposing of
waste.
Fast flowing rivers and waterfalls are widely used as sources of
energy, via watermills and hydroelectric plants
The coarse sediments, gravel and sand generated and moved
by rivers are extensively used in construction
Rivers have been important in determining political boundaries
and defending countries.

14. Management
River management is a continuous activity as rivers tend to 'undo'
the modifications made by people.
Dredged channels silt up, sluice mechanisms deteriorate with
age, levees and dams may suffer seepage or catastrophic failure.
The benefits sought through managing rivers may often be offset
by the social and economic costs of mitigating the bad effects of
such management.
As an example, in parts of the developed world, rivers have been
confined within channels to free up flat flood-plain land for
development.
Floods can inundate such development at high financial cost and
often with loss of life.
Rivers are increasingly managed for habitat conservation as they
are critical for many aquatic and riparian plants, resident and
migratory fishes waterfowl birds of prey migrating birds, and many
mammals.