Frederick Engels was a German philosopher, economist, historian, and revolutionary socialist who collaborated closely with Karl Marx in developing communist theory. He financially supported Marx and his family, which allowed Marx time to study and develop his economic and political theories. Together with Marx, Engels co-authored The Communist Manifesto in 1848 and developed the body of ideas known as Marxism or scientific socialism. After Marx's death, Engels edited the second and third volumes of Marx's major work Das Kapital.

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Frederick Engels
English Literature
Literary Criticism
By Payal Mudliar

2. Frederick Engels
Frederick Engels was German socialist philosopher, the closest
collaborator of Karl Marx in the foundation of modern
communism.
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 He was a German philosopher, economist, historian, political
theorist and revolutionary socialist.
 He was also a businessman, journalist and political activist, whose
father was an owner of large textile factories in Sal ford and
Barmen, Prussia.
 He was born on 28 November 1820, Barmen, Germany
 He was died on 5 August 1895, London, United Kingdom

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 Friedrich Engels helped to financially support Marx and his family.
 Engels gave Marx the royalties of his book, condition of the
working Class on England and arranged donations.
 This enabled Marx the time to study and develop his economic
and political theories.
 In 1845 hi took Karl Marx to England
 They spent most of the time consulting books in Manchester
Library.

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 During their six weeks in England, Engels introduced Marx to
several of the Chartist leaders including George Julian Harney.
 Engels and Marx returned to Brussels and in January 1846 they set
up a Communist Correspondence Committee.
 The plan was to try and link together socialist leaders living
different parts of Europe.
 Influenced by Marx’s ideas, socialists in England held a conference
in London where they formed Communist League.

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 Engels returned to England in 1847 where he attended a meeting
of the Communist League “Central Committee” in London.
 At the meeting it was decided that the aims of the organisation
was “the overflow of the bourgeoisie, the domination of the
proletariat, the abolition of the old bourgeois society based on
class antagonism and the establishment of a new society without
classes and without private property.

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 With Marx he co-authored The Communist Manifesto (1848), and
Engels edited the second and third volumes of Das Kapital after
Marx's death.
 It was during his time in Berlin that Engels became a communist,
and also an atheist, something that would have been very shocking
to his devoutly Protestant family

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 He believed that a communist revolution was inevitable somewhere
in Europe, due to the oppressed conditions of its workers and their
vast numbers.
 In 1848, Engels co-authored The Communist Manifesto with Marx
and also authored and co-authored (primarily with Marx) many
other works. Later, Engels supported Marx financially, allowing him
to do research and write Das Kapital.

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 After Marx's death, Engels edited the second and third volumes of
Das Kapital.
 Marx and Engels explained that social classes had changed over
time but in the 19th century the most important classes were the
bourgeoisie and the proletariat.
 They went on to argue that the conflict between these two classes
would eventually lead to revolution and the triumph of the
proletariat.

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 Marx and Engels developed a body of ideas which they called
scientific socialism, more commonly called Marxism.
 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels believed that the result when
communism finally emerged as the dominant political and economic
system the evils of the industrial society would disappear.
 Engels was a polyglot and was able to write and speak in several
languages, including Russian, Italian, Portuguese, Irish, Spanish,
Polish, French, English and Milanese dialect.

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