Criminal profiling combines elements of psychology and law enforcement to analyze criminal behavior and draw conclusions about the characteristics of unknown offenders. There are two main types of criminal profiling: inductive profiling compares current crimes to past offenders with similar backgrounds, while deductive profiling focuses on the specifics of each individual crime. The FBI uses a five-stage process for criminal profiling that includes compiling case data, assessing the crime, creating an offender profile, guiding the investigation, and ultimately apprehending the offender. Profiling techniques can provide insights to help narrow investigations and determine if multiple crimes were committed by one or more offenders.

1. Forensic Psychology
Criminal Profiling
Shahana Jamal + Malavika Panicker

2. Contents of this presentation
Introduction Basic purpose of criminal profiling
Types of criminal profiling Inductive and Deductive
FBI steps of profiling series of five overlapping stages leading to goal of apprehension
Procedures in profiling methods and strategies employed in profiling
Conclusion Perks and benefits of profiling a criminal
References Source of content

3. Criminal Profiling?
Criminal profiling refers to the process in which
the nature of a crime is used to make inferences
about the personality and other characteristics
of the likely offender.

4. Introduction
01

5. Criminal Profiling
Criminal profiling combines elements of both
psychology and law enforcement. It is still a
recent concept with few established definitions
or boundaries. Criminal profiling experts don't
always agree on nomenclature or even approach.

6. Criminal profiling has a rich history that is rooted
in the forensic sciences, the study of mental
illness, and the analysis of criminal behavior. It
entails drawing conclusions on the characteristics of
offenders for both investigative and judicial needs.
Criminal profiling techniques frequently use either
inductive or deductive reasoning, which has increased
uncertainty regarding the practice's nature in the
public eye and among law enforcement professionals
and the legal system.

7. Types
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02

8. There have essentially been two schools of
thought when it comes to criminal
profiling. One is referred to as inductive,
and it describes the comparative process
most similar to how psychological disorders
and typical offender’s form. The second
method, known as deductive reasoning, is
based on forensic data and involves
inquiring into a specific offender's
behavioural patterns.

9. 1. INDUCTIVE
One kind of criminal profiling known as inductive
profiling is particularly useful for comparing criminals
with comparable backgrounds and motivations.
Only when the crime shares characteristics with past
offenders is inductive profiling useful.

10. 2. DEDUCTIVE
It is able to help law enforcement by avoiding
generalisations and concentrating on the specifics of
each crime's facts and evidence.
It includes investigating crime scenes and victims,
especially through the use of victimology, autopsy
reports, and crime scene images

11. FBI Steps
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12. Although since 1970s, criminal personality profiles
created by investigative profilers at the FBI's
Behavioral Science Unit (now a division of the
National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime)
have helped local, state, and federal authorities
focus their investigations. Currently, an attempt is
currently being made to clarify the method used to
create criminal profiles. The sixth stage, or the
objective of apprehending the offender, is reached
after a succession of five overlapping stages.

13. Procedure
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14. Crime
Assessment
Apprehension
The 6 stages:
Profiling
Inputs
Decision-Process
Models
Criminal
Profile
Investigation

15. (1) Profiling Inputs - the compiling and arranging of all
pertinent case data.
(2) Decision-Process Models - The homicide's essential
elements and specifics are determined.
(3) Crime Assessment - The qualities of an organized
perpetrator, a disorganized offender, or a combination of both
are determined by profilers based on the crime scene.
4) Criminal Profile - For local investigators, the FBI
profiler creates a report that speculates on the potential
psychological, physical, and social traits of the unidentified
criminal.

16. (5) Investigation - The local police agency adopts the
FBI's criminal profile into its own approach to conducting
investigations.
(6) Apprehension - The accountability or performance
proof step is now. By comparing an FBI profile information
and attributes to those of the real offender in custody,
one can establish how accurate it is.

17. Conclusion
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18. Criminal Profiling
Criminal profiling assists investigators by
providing likely offender characteristics to
aid the technical investigation, thus
distinguishing whether a single offender
committed multiple crimes or multiple offenders
are involved.

19. References
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06

20. 1. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-
deeds/201905/how-the-fbi-profiles-serial-
offenders
2. https://effectivenessofcriminalprofiling.weebly.c
om/inductive-deductive--geographical-
profiling.html
3. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-
sciences/criminal-profiling
4. https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-
library/abstracts/criminal-profiling-viable-
investigative-tool-against-violent-crime
5. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/b
sl.2370040405#:~:text=A%20series%20of%20five%20ov
erlapping,%2C%20and%20(6)%20apprehension