Effectiveness of Crime Control Measures in Nigeria, In partial fulfillment for the award of a

1. EFFECTIVENESS OF CRIME CONTROL MEASURES IN NIGERIA
BY
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of Content
Abstract
This research is set out to thoroughly assess the effectiveness of
crime control measures in Nigeria. The major objectives of the
study include an assessment of the role of active citizenship in
crime prevention in Nigeria. It also aimed at identifying the causes
of crime, the impact of crime in socio-economic development of the
society, to explain the mechanisms of crime control in Nigeria as
well suggest possible ways of addressing criminal activities in
Nigeria. The study employed descriptive survey design and data
was collected using questionnaire method. Questionnaires were
distributed to a total sample of (150) respondent which were
selected for the study using simple random sampling technique.
The finding shows that, the citizens play active roles in ensuring
crime control in Nigerian. Despite this, much still need to be done. It
is therefore, recommended that the Government should equipped
the formal security agencies to ensure effective prevention of crime.

2. Moreso, the informal sector of crime prevention and control should
collaborate with the formal security agencies to ensure effectives
and efficiency in crime prevention and control. In addition, the spirit
of patriotism should be instilled through orientation exercise so that
every citizen should be on watch out for one another.
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the study
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Objective of the study
1.4 Research questions
1.5 Research hypothesis
1.6 Significant of the study
1.7 Scope and Limitations of the study
1.8 Definition of terms
References
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Theoretical framework

3. 2.2 Crime perspective
2.3 causes of crime in Nigeria
2.4 Types of Crime in Nigeria
2.5 Crime control measures in Nigeria
2.6 Effects of crime on the society
References
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
3.1 Research design
3.2 Study of area
3.3 Population of the study
3.4 Sample size
3.5 Sampling techniques
3.6 Instruments for data collection
3.7 Methods of data analysis
References
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION & ANALYSIS
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Data Presentation and Analysis of Data.

4. 4.2 Testing of Hypotheses.
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION, SUMMARY OF FINDINGS /
RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Summary of findings
5.3 Recommendations
5.4 Suggestions for further reading
Bibliography
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the study
Crime is an everyday phenomenon found to have eaten deep into the
heart of every society. It is a common word which has uncommon
connotations, depending on what an individual or group thinks or defines
it,(Hartjen,1978;Sellin 1939). They observed that since every society has its
rules or norms designed to control the behavior of its member, the study of
crime according to the behavioral school of thought then is the study of
those activities that violates socially prescribed standards, whether or not it
breaks some criminal law

5. Paul Tatpan (2008), refers to crime as any intention act or omission,
in violation of criminal law (statutory and case law), committed without
defense or justification and sanctioned by the state, as a felony or simple
offense. It is therefore evident that criminal activities have negative impact
on society, community, and most especially on the victims, on which such
crimes are perpetrated. Activities such as murder rape, arson, burglary,
gambling, robbery embezzlement assault and prostitution are examples of
these crimes committed. It should be noted that individuals have the desire
to feel safe in their homes places of work, community and wherever they
find themselves. To fulfill this urge, criminal activities are reported to
appropriate authorities, established to safeguard the lives and properties of
its citizens. The criminal justice system is therefore, put in place to deliver
crimes reported to them.
Crimes reported cannot be said to have effectively reduced the rate
of criminal activities, making people lose their faith in the Criminal Justice
System (CJS). Individuals or groups concurrently complain about the
injustice they suffer when nefarious criminal acts are overlooked and
treated with such low level of seriousness. It could be concluded therefore
that the major factor adducible to the loose of faith of individual, groups and
corporate bodies, is the perceived inefficiency of the so-called appropriate
bodies to effectively control crime.
1.2 Statement of the problem
Many societies all over the world have had to contend with the
consequences of criminal activities, which include lives and properties fear

6. of the unknown, political instability, victimization by conventional criminals,
amongst others.(Fayeye, 2010.)
Even though a member of the society reports a crime to a law
enforcement officer, it would not be counted unless it is recorded in a way
that allows it to be incorporated into the crime statistics, as a consequence,
offending particularly minor offending, may be significantly under counted in
situations where law enforcement officers are overloaded with work or do
not perceive the offending as worth recording. Some crimes reported are
not done in a way that the actual event of things is made known. These
crimes lack uniformity, which produce obvious difficulties in actually
investigating and solving the crimes that are reported. Another causal
factor may include the time frame of the crime. A firsthand account is
relatively low. For example by the time a robbery case is being reported,
the robbers will probably have fled the victims in the hospital, answering
police questions if any is around or even in the mortuary.
Certain behavior are labeled deviant which in actual fact may not be,
according to the criminal code of that particular society. Members of the
society (victims and witnesses), are most times ignorant of criminal laws.
When such behaviors are reported, they are more or less unimportant.
Crimes known to police (CKP), already certified as reported may not be
analyzed as desired by victims of such immoral acts. Charges may be
dropped, even when the perpetrator is arrested. Such is the situation when
there is lack of evidence. Another popular incidence is the arrest of
innocent persons in place of those that actually committed the crimes. This
may be as a result of being in the wrong place, at the wrong time.
Pleading guilty to a crime, lower than that which an offender commits
is another major problem. In most cases, it reduces the levity of

7. punishment and sentence becomes in proportionate to the actual crime
committed. Also among the problems associated with crime control, is the
dependency of skills on both the prosecuting counsel and defense counsel,
with convictions and acquaintances actually depending on the professional
skills of both counsels.
Another problem associated with the procedure of controlling crimes
is the inconsistencies involved in information given out by the so-called
witnesses, when crimes are being investigated. The illiterate nature of most
citizens about the legal and criminal code of its society poses a greater
threat. Some just give information about a crime thinking that by doing so;
they will be popular, given money for coming forth with’ vital information’.
With this, they say or do anything to act as if they were present when the
crime occurred. This scenario drastically slows down the process of crime
control.
1.3 Objective of the study
The purpose of this is to identify the various methods of controlling crime in
Nigeria and also the factors affecting crime in Nigeria and its possible set
backs and how it makes security operatives to determine crimes of its
principal functions or duties of crime prevention and detection ineffective,
taking Nigeria security operatives as a study post. It is also intended to find
out how and to what extend statistical analysis is crime management
performance has assisted the Nigeria security operatives in Nigeria in
bringing the Crime wave of the country to the workable solution or method

8. of detecting and preventing crime in this country as a whole by the entire
security forces in Nigeria.
Specifically, the following are the objectives of this study:
(1) To ascertain the factors affecting effective crime control and
prevention in Nigeria
(2) To ascertain the impact of crime on the society
(3) To ascertain the causes of crime in Nigeria and
(4) To ascertain the roles of citizens in the prevention and control of
crime in Nigeria.
1.4 Research Questions
In the course of this study, the following questions will be raised and
answered. They are:
(1) What are the factors affecting effective crime control prevention in
Nigeria?
(2) What are the impacts of crime on the society?
(3) What are the causes of crime in Nigeria?
1.5 Research hypothesis
The following hypotheses have been formulated to guide this study.

9. H0: There are significant factors affecting effective crime control prevention
in Nigeria
H1: There are no significant factors affecting effective crime control
prevention in Nigeria
H0: There is significant impact of crime on the society
H1: There is no significant impact of crime on the society
H0: There are significant causes of crime in Nigeria
H1: There are no significant causes of crime in Nigeria
1.6 Significant of the study
Most importantly, this research work will contribute to the knowledge
of crime control activities and how they may be reduced or at most
eradicated.
It shall also act as a basis for further investigation or scrutinization on
crime control measures and the various psychological social effects on its
victims.

10. Lastly, it is an attempt to bring into limelight; some of the errors
involved in the process of crime control and suggest likely solutions on how
to improve these services.
1.7 Scope and Limitations of the study
This research work is basically concerned with the effectiveness of
crime control measures in Nigeria and the impact of proper investigation of
criminal activities amongst members of the Nigeria society.
For the purpose of accurate and effective research work, the study is
restricted to a selected sample, from the entire metropolis, a representative
of a fair proportion as a whole.
Apart from time-frame and shortage of finance, the major limitation to this
research is the inability of the researcher to cover the whole state of the
federation.
1.8 Definition of terms
The following terms will be defined so as to bring clarity when reading
reading the work.
Crime: Crime can be defined as those activities that break the laws of the
land and are subject to official punishment (Haralambos,2000).
Criminal: A criminal is a person who is involved in illegal activities or has
been proven guilty or responsible for a crime.

11. Deviance” Deviance may be defined as any social behaviour which
departs from that regarded as normal or socially acceptable within a society
or social context, (Becker, 1963). Another scholar Lemert, (1961) used the
term ‘primary deviance’ rather than deviance to mean the initial act of rule-breaking.
Criminal Justice System (CJS): The set of institutions developed as the
state response to crime and criminals. (David and Mary Jary,1991). A
variety of organizations that have been created to combat crime and
delinquency. The police, courts and correctional systems together compose
the criminal justice system.
Prosecuting Counsel: The prosecuting counsel refers to the lawyer, who
tries to prove in a court of law that the person charged with a crime is guilty.
(Longman Oxford Dictionary).
Defence Counsel: This is also a lawyer, who tries to prove that someone
is not guilty of a crime, in a court of law i.e innocent.
Victim: A person who has been attacked by a criminal.
Witness: A person who is present at the scene of a crime or criminal
activity and can describe the incident clearly and without bias.
REFERENCES
Becker H.S(1963), Outsiders; Studies in the Sociology of Deviance.

12. Feyeye Innocent (2010), Criminal Violence in Nigeria, African Peace
Review I
Haralambos .M. and M. Holborn (2000), Sociology: Themes and
Perspective,5th edition, London Harper Collins.
Lemert .E. (1961), Social Pathology, New York: McGraw Hill.
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