This document provides an overview of criminal profiling, including definitions, goals, types of crimes profiled, and the profiling process. Criminal profiling is an investigative tool that analyzes offender behavior and crime scenes to infer offender characteristics. A criminal profiler examines evidence to develop a psychological and demographic description of the offender. The goals of profiling are to provide leads to investigators and help narrow the suspect pool. Profiling is especially useful for crimes like murder, rape, arson and bombings. The profiling process involves two phases - an investigative phase to discern unknown offender features, and a trial phase to provide information about known offenders. The profiling steps analyzed are crime scene analysis, profile generation, decision making, reconstruction, and developing the final profile. Case studies

1. Ravinder Kaur
(Assistant Professor of Forensic Science)
School of Allied Health Science-VMRF-DU

2.  Definition of Criminal Profiling
 Definition of Criminal Profiler
 Goals of Criminal Profiling
 Types of Crimes in which profiling assist
 Phases of Criminal Profiling
 Procedures used in Criminal Profiling
 Effectiveness of Criminal Profiling
 Conclusion
 Case Studies

3.  An investigative tool that infers offender characteristics
from the analysis of offender’s behaviour, their
interaction with the crime scene and victim, and their
choices during the crime.
Crime
Scene
Criminal Victim
Behaviour

4.  Who examines evidence from the crime scene, victims,
and witnesses in an attempt to construct an accurate
psychological( usually concerning psychopathology,
personality, and behaviour) and demographic description
of the individual who committed crime.

5.  To supply offender characteristics to help investigators
narrow the field of suspects based on the characteristics
of the crime scene and initial investigative information.
 Provide new areas of inquiry.
 Keep investigation on track.
 Understand the behaviour more completely.
 It is not the goal of profiling to identify a particular
person or to give his or her identity.

6.  Psychopathology
 Sexual molestation
 Murder
 Forcible Rapes
 Arson
 Bombing
 Deaths by hanging

7.  Given by Petherick and Turvey.
PHASES
Investigative
phase
Trial phase

8.  Investigative Phase- It involves discerning features of
the unknown offender for the known crime.
 Trial Phase- It involves providing information about a
crime or series of crimes( modus operandi) for which
there is a suspect offender.

10. Primary
Goal No.
Primary Goal
1. Evaluate the nature and value of forensic and behavioural evidence
to a particular crime or series of related crimes.
2. Reduce the viable suspect pool in a criminal investigation.
3. Prioritize the investigation into remaining suspects.
4. Link potentially related crimes by identifying crime scene indicators
and behaviour patterns(MO).
5. Assess the potential for escalation of nuisance criminal behaviour to
more serious or more violent crimes( harassment, stalking,
voyeurism).
6. Provide investigators with investigatively relevant leads and
strategies.
7. Help keep the overall investigation on track and undistracted by
offering fresh insights.

11. 
Sr. No. Profiler’s Goals
1. Evaluate the nature and value of forensic and behavioural
evidence to a particular crime or series of related crimes.
2. Develop interview or interrogation strategies.
3. Help develop insight into offender fantasy and motivations.
4. Develop insight into offender motive and intent before, during,
and after the commission of a crime
5. Link potentially related crimes by identifying crime scene
indicators and behaviour patterns.

12. Five steps are used -
Crime Scene
Analysis
Criminal Profile
Generating
Process
Decision
Making
Reconstruction Final Profile

13.  From Crime scene analysis, profiler gets following
details-
• Complete synopsis of the crime, location, weather
conditions.
• Complete Victim information( domestic setting,
employment, reputation, and criminal history.
• Forensic Information relevant to the crime ( Autopsy
reports, photographs, toxicology, crime scene sketches.

14. Criminal Profile generating process involves the following five steps-
•A comprehensive study of the nature of the criminal act and the type of persons who have committed like offences in
the past.
•A detailed analysis of the crime scene.
•An in-depth examination of the background and activities of the victim or victims.
•A formulation of possible motivating factors for all parties involved.
•The development of a description of the perpetrator based on overt characteristics from the crime scene and past
criminal’

15.  Third stage emphasizes decision making by organizing
and arranging inputs into meaningful patterns.
 Classifications are made-
• Mass murder-where more than three victims in one
location and within one event.
• Spree murder- killings at two or more locations with no
emotional cooling –off period between homicides
• Serial murder- The unlawful killing of two or more victims
by the same offender(s) in separate events.

16.  This step involves the reconstruction of the sequence of
events and the behaviour of both the perpetrator and the
victim.
 Classification of criminals are made-
• Organised Criminals- Those who plan their murders,
target their victims, show self control at the crime scene
by leaving few clues ex- Ted Bundy
• Disorganised Criminals- Those who don’t plan their
murders, obtains victims by chance, and behaves
haphazardly during the crime.

17.  It follows a standard format including-
 Hypotheses about the perpetrator’s age
 Race
 Educational level
 Marital status
 Habits
 Family characteristics
 Type of vehicle
 Indication of Psychopathology.

18.  According to Survey conducted in Great Britain –
Percentage of cases in which profiling led to identification of the
offender
5%
Percentage of cases in which profiling helped police for further
understanding the offender
61%
Percentage of cases in which profiling helped police for
reassurance of their own conclusion
52%
Percentage of cases in which profiling offered a structure for
interviewing
5%
Percentage of cases in which police concluded that profiling
information was useless
17%

19.  As profiling generates hypotheses , so its conclusion should
not be treated as final because-
• Innocent person may fits the profile.
• Profile may be misguided( Boston Strangler case and D.C.
Sniper case).
 The introduction of a profile can increase the efficient use of
the detective’s time.
 It should be viewed as an instrument to facilitate the work of
investigators and detectives, by evaluating suspects and
providing useful advice on investigation and interviewing.
• Its use in criminal cases as an attempt to link a particular
defendant to a particular crime has serious problems and at
this point should not be admitted as “expert Testimony”.

21. TED BUNDY
 Serial Killer, Rapist , Necrophiliac.
 Killed at least 36 women in 1970’s
 Education- Bachelors in Psychology (1972)
 He was the illegitimate child.
 He showed an unusual interest in the macabre at an early age
and became fascinated by knifes.
 While a student at the University of Washington, Bundy fell in
love with a wealthy, pretty young woman from California. She
had everything that he wanted: money, class and influence. He
was devastated by their breakup. Many of Bundy's later victims
resembled his college girlfriend—attractive students with long,
dark hair.

22.  By the mid-1970s, Bundy had transformed himself, becoming
more outwardly confident and active in social and political
matters. He even got a letter of recommendation from the
Republican governor of Washington after working on his
campaign.
 He often lured his victims into his car by pretending to be
injured and asking for their help. Their kindness proved to be a
fatal mistake.
 In the fall of 1974, Bundy moved to Utah to attend law school,
and women began disappearing there as well. The following
year, he was pulled over by the police. A search of his vehicle
uncovered a cache of burglary tools—a crowbar, a face mask,
rope and handcuffs. He was arrested for possession of these
tools and the police began to link him to much more sinister
crimes.

23.  In 1975, Bundy was arrested in the kidnapping of Carol
DaRonch, one of the few women to escape his clutches.
He was convicted and received a one-to-15-year jail
sentence. Bundy escaped from prison twice in 1977.
 The first time, he was indicted on murder charges for the
death of a young Colorado woman and decided to act as
his own lawyer in the case. During a trip to the
courthouse library, he jumped out a window and made
his first escape. He was captured eight days later.

24.  In December, Bundy escaped from custody again. He
climbed out of a hole he made in the ceiling of his cell,
having dropped more than 30 pounds to fit through the
small opening. Authorities did not discover that Bundy
was missing for 15 hours, giving the serial killer a big
head start on the police.
 After Bundy's second escape from prison, he eventually
made his way to Tallahassee, Florida. On the night of
January 14, 1978, Bundy broke into the Chi Omega
sorority house at Florida State University. He attacked
four of the young female residents, killing two of them.
On February 9, Bundy kidnapped and murdered a 12-
year-old girl named Kimberly Leach.

25.  These crimes marked the end of his murderous
rampage, as he was soon pulled over by the police that
February.
 The most damning evidence connecting Bundy to the
two Chi Omega murders at FSU were bite marks on one
of the bodies, which were a definitive match to Bundy.
 Bundy’s good looks, charm and intelligence made him
something of a celebrity during his trial. Bundy fought for
his life but was convicted and spent nine years on death
row appealing his death sentence.

26.  In July 1979, Bundy was convicted for the the two Chi
Omega murders at FSU. He was given the death penalty
twice. He received another death sentence in 1980 for
the murder of Kimberly Leach.
 Bundy appealed, trying to take his case as high as the
U.S. Supreme Court, but he was turned down. He also
offered information on some of unsolved murders to
avoid Florida's electric chair, but he could not delay
justice forever and was executed in 1989

27.  In 1969, Bundy began a six-year relationship with
Elizabeth Kloepfer, whom he met in a Seattle bar.
Kloepfer was a single mom of a young daughter and
struggled with alcoholism. Bundy took care of her, and
she said he was "warm and loving.
 By 1974, Kloepfer started to suspect Bundy's crimes.
When she questioned him about odd behaviours, like
keeping a meat cleaver in his desk, he used his charm to
deflect her concerns.

28.  In 1975, Kloepfer went to police again, this time with
evidence that helped them to arrest the serial killer.
Bundy had confessed to Kloepfer over the phone from
his prison cell that he had tried to kill her and couldn't
resist his impulses when he felt "his sickness building in
him," she later wrote. She broke ties with Bundy for good
and wrote a book about her experience.

29.  In February 1980, Bundy married Carole Ann Boone, a
mother-of-two whom he’d dated before his initial arrest,
in a courtroom during the penalty phase of his trial. He
proposed and she accepted in the presence of the
judge, making the marriage legitimate in Florida. The
couple had met six years earlier when they both worked
at the Department of Emergency Services in Olympia,
Washington
 Boone gave birth to a daughter, Rose, in 1982, and she
named Bundy as the father. Not much is known about
Rose today

30.  Boone eventually realized Bundy was guilty of the
crimes. She divorced him three years prior to his
execution, according to Rule's book, A Stranger Beside
Me. Boone stopped visiting Bundy during the last two
years of his imprisonment

31.  On January 24, 1989, Bundy was executed around 7
a.m. at the Florida State Prison in an electric chair
sometimes known as "Old Sparky." Outside the prison,
crowds cheered and even set off fireworks after Bundy's
execution.
 Bundy's body was cremated in Gainesville, and no
public ceremony was held. Before he was executed he
requested his ashes be scattered in the Cascade
Mountains of Washington State, where he murdered at
least four of his victims

33. Thank you