This is my report for Ecosystems Management Subjects. In this report, I explained the various of animals and vegetation of The National Park. The problems and the solution also were mentioned in this report.

1. ECOSYTEMS MANAGEMENT
Instructor: Assoc. Trương Thanh Cảnh
Topic:
The Valuation of Tram Chim Nation Park’s
Ecosystems Structure
Name: Trần Ngọc Quỳnh
Class: 11BSM3
ID: 1158115

2. 2
Contents
I) INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................3
II) ECOSYTEMS STRUCTURE................................................................................................4
1) The national condition...........................................................................................................4
2) The biodiversity.....................................................................................................................7
2.1 The Animal..........................................................................................................................7
2.2 The Vegetation...............................................................................................................9
III) THE VALUATION OF TRAM CHIM NATIONAL PARK................................................15
1) The tourism potential of TCNP............................................................................................15
2) The economic values ............................................................................................................17
IV) THE PROBLEMS THAT TCNP ARE FACING, WILL FACE IN THE FUTURE AND
THE SOLUTION............................................................................................................................19
1) The Problems.......................................................................................................................19
1.1 ) The encroachment of alien species.................................................................................19
1.2) The climate change.........................................................................................................20
1.3) The human activities.......................................................................................................21
1.4) The unbalance of the Water level between the dry and rainy season cause fire ...................22
1.5) Financial budget and professional qualifications..............................................................24
2) The solutions........................................................................................................................24
2.1) Prevent the inroad of exotic plant- Mimosa......................................................................24
2.2) Minimize the affection of climate change in the diversity...................................................25
2.3 ) Control the activities ( especial the illegal exploration) of human....................................26
2.4) Create the management of the water level in Tram Chim National Park.............................27
2.5) Search and call for investment in technology and labor also .............................................29
V) THE CONCLUSION...........................................................................................................29
VI) BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................................................................................30

3. 3
I) INTRODUCTION
Tram Chim National Park was
established on December 29th,199,, whose
the geographical locationise 10037'to 10046'
north latitude, 105 028 'to 105 036' east
longitude. 7313 hectares are a natural area of
this park, which acres in a famous depressed
area - Đồng Tháp Mười of The Viet Nam’s
southwest. The population around the Tràm
Chim National Park is around 50.000 people, including 5 communes: Tân Công Sinh, Phú
Đức, Phú Thọ, Phú Thành and the Tràm Chim Town, Tam Nông District, Đồng Tháp
Province.1
This National Park is one of the most important SUFs (Special Uses Forest) of Viet
Nam because a lot of rare and precious animal or vegetation, especially Sarus Crane which
are in the dangerous and need to conserve.
1 Vườn Quốc Gia Tràm Chim Đồng Tháp (unknown). Retrieved 3rd ,January, 2015,from
http://tramchim.com.vn/tong-quan-moi/

4. 4
“ Tram Chim National Park
(7,313 hectares) is one of the last
remnants of the Plain of Reeds wetland
ecosystem, which previously covered
some 700,000 ha of the Mekong Delta
in southwestern Viet Nam” 2. This
National Park became the 4th Ramsar
Site ( the flooding areas where have a
international impacts) of Viet Nam and 2000th of the world . Viet Nam’s three Ramsar
site that were recognized are alluvial estuary (Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh
Province); Bau Sau wetland system (Cat Tien National Park, Dong Nai Province), BA Be
Lake (Bac Can Province).
II) ECOSYTEMS STRUCTURE
1) The national condition
The topography of the national park is flat, slopes slightly to the East with the
highest place is 2,3 meters and the lowest place is 0,4 meters.3
- The Flat Area is 5858 hectares
- The Flooding Area is 152 hectares
- The High Area is 194 hectares
2 Tram Chim National Park (n.d). Retrieved January 15th, 2015 from http://www.ramsar.org/tram-chim-national-
park
3 Vườn Quốc Gia Tràm Chim ( Unknown). Retrieved January 9th,2015 from
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dn_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Tr%C3%A0m_Chim

5. 5
The streams and rivers have been replaced by a
system of canals flowing through the national park. Tram
Chim National Park is influenced by hydrological
Mekong Delta, receive water directly from the Mekong
River through irrigation (Hong Ngu-channel Long An,
Dong Tien, An Hoa and Phu Hiep) spill inland and
flooded every year from August to December. The
national Park was seasonally flooded with standing water for continuous periods of up to
seven months per year. At the beginning of the rainy season, water levels in the canals
begin to increase inJune. Between September and December, the national park is inundated
to a depth of 2 to 4 m, reach a top in October.4
4,5 Tram Chim National Park (2008).Retrieved January 19th , 2015 from http://www.vietnam-beauty.com/top-
destinations/vietnam-national-parks-a-nature-reserves/140-tram-chim-national-park.html
The Flat Area
94%
The Flooding
Area
3%
The Hight Area
3%
SALES

6. 6
And now, Tram Chim National
Park is divided into five different
administrative regions (A1-A5), each
area is surrounded by a system of
canals and dikes with a total length of
up to 59 kilometers, with the aim of
impounding floodwater for longer as well as reducing the lowering of the water table
during the dry season. The water level inside the national parks are regulated through the
sewer system and outfall located in the surrounding shores.5The temperature always high
and do not change, the average temperature is 27oC, the highest temperature is 37oC and
the lowest is 16oC.

7. 7
2) The biodiversity
2.1 The Animal
Tram Chim National Psrk is a residence of more than 130 fish species (has ¼ in a
total of MeKong Delta), 132 species of waterfowl and 32 bird species that all in the Viet
Nam Red Book and the Worl such as: Cairina scutulata,Houbaropsis bengalensis,
Charadrius peronei, Aquila clanga, Anhinga melanogaster, Platalea minor, Pelecanus
philippensis, Mycteria leucocephala, Grus antigone).
Living atmospheres:
 Water birds: There are 11 sets; 46 families & 231 species, of which:32 rare species
in the IUCN Red List 2006 Red Data Book of Vietnam; CP 2006 ND 32 (IIB)
CITES (I & II).
Fresh water wetlands
42%
Grass Field
10%
Floodingforest
8%
Channel
2%
Combine all
38%
THE PERCENTAGEOF ANIMALS BELONG TO
PARTICULARASMOSTPHERS

8. 8
 Fisheries: There are 55 species divided into 02 main groups : flat and movement.
 Aquatic organisms: There are 185 species of phytoplankton, zooplankton 93
species, 90 species of benthic organisms.
 Mammals: Approximately 15 species
 Amphibians, reptiles: Approximately 44 species.6
6 Động vật ( mới). Retrieved January 14th,2015 from http://tramchim.com.vn/dong-vat-moi/
Black-neckedStork Bengal Florican
Sarus Crane LesserAdjutant

9. 9
2.2The Vegetation
a) Nelumbo nucifera (Lotus communities)
This kind of community usually occurs in wetlands or the lying areas where almost
flooded all year round (not dry out during the dry season) so it rarely fire.
Nelumbo nucifera is known as
Indian lotus, sacred lotus, and bean of
India.7 The rhizome of the lotus grows
in the mud of ponds or rivers, lakes, its
leaves are floating on the surface of
water, and the body has some little
7 Nelumbo Nucifera ( unknown). Retrieved January 8th , 2015 from
http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=c547
2%
11%
12%
37%
1%
37%
THE DISTRIBUTION OF TRAM CHIM'S VEGETATION
Nelumbo nucifera Oryza rufipogon Panicum repens
Eleocharis dulc Ischaemum rugosum Melaleuca cajuputi

10. 10
spines. Flowers often grow in the body and raised a few inches to the top of the water,
usually the lotus tall 1.5 meters high and can raise up to 3 meters.8 Nelumbium Nelumbo -
Nymphaea sp, which are grown mostly in the river bank, has a closerelationship with lotus.
Tachybaptus raficollis, Nettapus coromandelianus, mallard (Anas poecilorhyncha),
Hydrophasianus chirurgus, Rallus striatus, Porzana fusca,Anas crecca, Ceryle rudis are
some spices animal which live in this community in Tram Chim National park. This is a
haven for reptiles such as snakes, crabs nails, catfish, perch, and mullet. 9
b) Oryza rufipogon ( Wild paddy communities )
Oryza rufipogon known as brown
beard rice, wild rice and red rice, wild species
from which the cultivated rice, Oryza
sativa, has been domesticated. This kind of
community is the place where is the heaven
for some special birds. Cranes, storks,
cauldron, etc. find their food in Oryza
zreufipogpn community, however they sleep in other communities such as mangrove.
In Tram Chim National Park, Oryza rufipogon has a large distribution place
(around 824 hecta), however the square of the pure paddy is not huge (around 33 hectares),
other squares are the combination between Oryza rufipogon and other vegetation, which
8 Sen Hồng (unknown) Retrieved January 8th ,2015 from http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sen_h%E1%BB%93ng
9 Thực vật (mới) ( unknown). Retrieved January 8th , 2015 from http://tramchim.com.vn/thuc-vat-moi/

11. 11
create a lot of special communities for this wetland : O. rufipogon – Panicum repens (
around 544 hectares); O. rufipogon - Leersia hexandra ( approximately 160 hectares); O.
rufipogon – P. repens – C. dactylon ( around 83 hectares).10
Oryza rufipogon is a unique habitat of seasonal floodplains, the square of this
vegetation decrease sharply. In Tram Chim National Park, it dominates most of the square
(approximately higher than 53 %).
c) Panicum repens (Torpeto grass communities)
Panicum repens is a species of grass known by many common names,
including torpedo grass, creeping panic, panic rampant,couch panicum, wainaku
grass, quack grass, dog-tooth grass, and bullet grass.11This kind of community always
10 Vườn Quốc Gia Tràm Chim ( Unknown). Retrieved January 9th,2015 from
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dn_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Tr%C3%A0m_Chim
11 Panicumrepens ( unknown) http://www.sms.si.edu/irlspec/Panicum_repens.htm. Retrieved January 9th,2015
4%
66%
20%
10%
Distribution of O.rufipogon
Pure O. rufipogon O. rufipogon – Panicum repens
O. rufipogon - Leersia hexandra O. rufipogon – P. repens – C. dactylon

12. 12
appear in some place where have a lot of land with different height, but it dominates in
the high land.
In Tram Chim National Park, Torpedo
grass ( panicum repens) distributes in a wild area
(958,4 hectares) , the percentages of thoroughbred
species density may increase to 98% or combines
to other grass such as : P.repens – Cymbopogon
citratus ( aroung 23 hectares); P. repens – Oryza
rufipogon ( around 268 hectares); P.repens –
Cynodon dactylon ( 50 hectares) ; P.repens – Mimosa pigra ( 86 hectares) – this kind of
Panicum repens community are in the dangers which is abused by Mimosa Pigra.12
Houbaropsis ben galensis, Prinia flaviventris, Alauda gulgula, Saxicola caprata ,
Merops superciliosus, Tyto capensis, Ardeola bacclus, Mycteria leucocephala, Leptoptilos
dubius, Locustella Certhiola are some special birds live in this community.
12 Vườn Quốc Gia Tràm Chim ( Unknown). Retrieved January 9th,2015 from
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dn_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Tr%C3%A0m_Chim
5%
63%
12%
20%
Distribution of Panicum Repens
P.repens – Cymbopogoncitratus P. repens – Oryza rufipogon
P.repens – Cynodondactylon P.repens – Mimosapigra

13. 13
d) Eleocharis dulcis (water chestnut)
This kind of communities always
appear in some places have a medium
height . Eleocharis dulcis the highest
advantage (45-50%). The community is
the food of typical species such as cranes...
The area of Eleocharis sp. is around 2.968 hetares, which create a huge vegetation
includes Eleocharis atropurpurea – is the place where Grus Antigone find food
(approximately 235 hectares) Eleocharis dulcis (around 1.277 hectares) , and combined to
others species create a new communities : E. atropurpurea – E. dulcis; E. atropurpurea –
P. repens, E. dulcis – P. repens, (937 hectares) ; E. dulcis - P. repens – O.rufipogon (
around 443 hectares) ; E. dulcis - P. repens – C. dactylon ( around 72 hectares).13
The mixed in communities that feature aquatic plants such as Utricularia aurea,
Nymphaea indicum, Ceratophyllum demersum.Common Birds: Grus Antigone, Egretta
gaetta), Pond heron), Anas poecilorhyncha, Pygmy goose coromandelianus, Ardea
purpurea, Ardea cinerea, Ixobrychus sinensis, Caleb trigger.14
13 Vườn Quốc Gia Tràm Chim ( Unknown). Retrieved January 9th,2015 from
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dn_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Tr%C3%A0m_Chim
14 Thực vật (mới) ( unknown). Retrieved January 8th , 2015 from http://tramchim.com.vn/thuc-vat-moi/
8%
43%
32%
15%
2%
The Distribution of Eleocharis dulcis
Eleocharis atropurpurea
Eleocharis dulcis
: E. atropurpurea – E. dulcis;E.
atropurpurea – P. repens, E. dulcis – P.
repens,
E. dulcis- P. repens – O.rufipogon

14. 14
e) Ischaemum rugosum
“ Ischaemum is a genus of
tropical grasses in the Poaceae family,
with a distribution mainly in the World
tropics of about 65 to 70 species. Many
species are known commonly
as murainagrass” 15. This kind of
community always appear in some place where have a medium in height and Ischaemum
are higher than other species. In some suitbale places, this grass grow thick and its
tributaries create a thick ceiling about 20-50cm above the ground, is tolerance by the body.
In Tram Chim, Ischaemum spp.); occupies a relatively small area compared with
other plant communities, about 41.8 ha., which includes the natural one and communities
Ischaemum spp.- Panicum repens communities. Distribution of major presence on the
wooden strips, berm local high terrain in a lowland area.16
Pharacrocoraxniger, Prinia flaviventris,Ardeola bacclus, Ixobrychus
sinensis,Turnix syluatica, Ardea purpurea, Ardea cinerea,Turnix syluatica, Mycteria
15 Retrived January 14th,2015 http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/training/fact-sheets/item/ischaemum-rugosum-
salisb.
16 Vườn Quốc Gia Tràm Chim ( Unknown). Retrieved January 9th,2015 from
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dn_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Tr%C3%A0m_Chim

15. 15
leucocephala, Leptoptilos dubius are some special kinds of birds that live in this
communities
f) Melaleuca cajuputi
Melaleuca cajuput is a woody
vegetation has the largest area (about 2968
hectares). . Due to human impact, most pristine
mangrove forests have disappeared and now
only have planted fforests, is Melaleuca
cajuputi species (Myrtaceae), but after
conservation in many year now this become a natural forest. Two types of distributions are
recognized: centralized and distributed . The distrituted Melaleuca combines to other
communites such as Eleocharis dulcis Ischaemum rugosum , I.indicum, Xyris indica,
Utricularia aurea, Panicum repens, Nymphaea lotus.
Birds : Caprimulgusmaeruru,Dricrurus macrocercus, Aethopiga siparaja,
Zosterops palpebrosa, Carpodacus erythrinus, Apus affinis, Rhipidura albicollis,
Lucustella lanceolata
III) THE VALUATION OF TRAM CHIM NATIONAL PARK
1) The tourism potential of TCNP
Not too close nor too far, Tram Chim Nation Park is the great places for any
people who want to discover the nature and relax after a long working day.

16. 16
From December 24th, 2014 to January 3rd, 2015 (The Christmas and the New Year
festival), the park was visited by approximately 50 tourist group (international and
domestic tourists) and higher than 400 people came to travel. Most of them come from Ho
Chi Minh City and Mekong Delta, the number of international tourists also increase
shapely such as America, Europe, Japan,… The Board of Director reported that in the end
of 2014 period, the amount of tourist group rise to 8 groups and 100 person compares to
the same period in the previous year.17
Flooding seasons, from September to December, are the most beautiful seasons in
Tram Chim that attract more tourist come to travelling which have more than 233
waterfowl species, 130fresh water fish species and a thousand Amphibians and ephemeral.
During this season, the tourist can enjoy the wonderful landscapes such as mangroves,
paddy field and lotus.
17 Nguyễn Hành – Trọng Trung ( January 3rd,2015). Văn hóa giải trí. Du lịch. Vườn Quốc gia Tràm Chim thu hút
khách du lịch dịp tết dương lịch. Retrieved January 4th,2015 from http://plo.vn/van-hoa-giai-tri/du-lich/vuon-quoc-
gia-tram-chim-thu-hut-khach-du-lich-dip-tet-duong-lich-521690.html

17. 17
In order to help tourist experience the real natural life ,the TCNP’s board of directors
created many types for travelling such as being an fishermen; sightseeing, harvest sun rice;
breeding bird garden ; rub mouse or hamster hunt.,
Mr. Nguyễn Văn Hùng – The directors of the TCNP said the flooding season was
the time to harvest paddy, it may attract travelers try to become a farmer to harvest. The
most attractive point here is that they had a try to do it by special boat. In the field, the
travelers have a change to view more than 16 types of rare animals such as Sarus Crane,
Greater adjutant, Lesser adjutant, Black-headed ibis, spoonbill, black eagle, golden tee,
Malaysian plover, Horizontal white wings, Indians Indians, Chinese egret, Great-billed
heron, pelican legs gray, Painted stork, Swallow buildings, the land and fish in the Red
Book of Vietnam including anchovies, Bring baskets, fish sugar…18
2) The economic values
18 Trí,V.N ( September 20th,2014).Hấp dẫn du lịch trải nghiệm mùa nước nổi ở Vườn Quốc Gia Tràm Chim
.Retrieved January 4th,2015 from http://www.vietnamplus.vn/hap-dan-du-lich-trai-nghiem-mua-nuoc-noi-o-vuon-
tram-chim/282170.vnp

18. 18
Because the main policies of Tram Chim National Park are restoration and
conservation the biodiversity, they do not focus more on farming and mining their wealth
resources.
The area of Mangrove is very
huge, easy to burn and invade
other communities, although it
has a lot of advantages such asa
havenn for many species of
animals, function ofwind,
wavess, natural water purification, protection, flood prevention and protection, alluvial
deposits,helps reduce harmful emissions to water from agriculture, contributing to climate
regulation. Therefore, the old and huge mangrove can use in construction such as iris.
Other communities are the
material for making some special
food for Tet Holiday, making
animal foods and straw can help to
keep warm.Thanks to more than 60
kilometers levee system the
fisheries resources is very large

19. 19
IV) THE PROBLEMS THAT TCNP ARE FACING, WILL FACE IN THE
FUTURE AND THE SOLUTION
1) The Problems
Beside a several advantages that are mentioned above, Tram Chim National Park
are facing or having serious problems which causes by both nature and anthropogenic. The
Park now has 17 species in danger and are risk of extinction. Emergency extinction species
include coral fish, white-winged geese, spoonbills, Greater adjutant. Species that may
disappear in the future are anchovies, snakehead fish, street fish, basket fish, black shark
minnow, male seahorse, Sarus Crane, black eagles, gray legs pelicans.
Mr. Nguyễn Văn Hùng said that the reason makes the decrease in Tram Chim
diversity is the affection of climate change such as floods, droughts, forest fires, soil
erosion, landslides and exotic flu. All of them will foster the depression of diversity faster
and more dangerous
1.1) The encroachment of alien species

20. 20
In recent. Tram Chim National Park is being seriously threatened by the encroachment of
Mimosa (Mimosa pigra- produce 9,000
seeds which are easily dispersed in the
wind and drift downstream, can hold
power over 20 years to germinate. Mimosa
tree when bushes were forming a high
scrub, make other plants do not
grow.)19, one of 100 encroachment alien
species most dangerous in the world ( IUCN). If uncontrolled, in 10-15 years, the entire
invasive species in national park will be a unique species. The biodiversity will be lost
completely.20
1.2) The climate change
Climate change is altering the food chain of fish, in which the temperature plays an
important role in the growth and development of organisms in general and the particular
species. Climate change tends to increase temperature, as a result of drought, water
depletion, and flammable in the dry season. The impacts that affect the living conditions
of some migratory birds, especially the Sarus Crane. When a lack of food or drink, the
crane was not immediately removed.
19Mimoso Pigra.Retrievd January 19th,2105 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimosa_pigra
20 Trí, V.N ( 2014). Nhiều loài đôngvật quý hiếm ở Tràm Chimbị de dọa. Retrived January 19th , 2014 from
http://www.vietnamplus.vn/nhieu-loai-dong-thuc-vat-quy-hiem-o-tram-chim-bi-de-doa/268218.vnp

21. 21
For vegetation species, climate change affected to this ecosystem severely.
Especially mangrove forest communities, if it is flooded in a long time, it will be falling or
underdeveloped; if too dry, it is very easy to fire.
Climate change also impacts on the hydrological situation, factors determining
wetland ecosystems Tram Chim, might make the management of hydrology at Tram Chim
more difficult.21
1.3) The human activities
21 Trí, N.V(2013) . Biến đổi đa dạng sinh học vườn quốc gia Tràm Chim. Retrieved January 24th, 2015 from
http://www.vietnamplus.vn/bien-doi-da-dang-sinh-hoc-vuon-quoc-gia-tram-chim/213201.vnp
FLOOD IN 2010
FOREST FIRE IN 2010

22. 22
The pressure of poor communities living around the Tram Chim National Park and
the dependence of the community,. Strict protectionregime over the years has led to fierce
conflicts between national and community gardens and also has not prevented from
entering the inside to exploit natural resources, leading to depletion of natural resources
(fish, wood, grass).
Most of the people living around the park with low educational qualifications, no
understanding of the value of natural resources for human life. They often intrusion,
exploitation and depletion of natural resources in the National Park, especially the use of
fishing gear are destructive as the power grid, power rakes cause forest fires
unintentionally.
1.4) The unbalance of the Water level between the dry and rainy season causes
fire
The park is divided into five management zones, each zone is surrounded by canals
with a total length of about 60 km. Although strict protection, but many fires happened in
the past years that burned for hundreds of hectares of meadows and mangrove forests.The
higher the water level difference between the months of the year, affecting the plant
communities, especially related to forest fires. 2009-2013, in the park occurred total of 24
fires, burned nearly 300 hectares of meadows and mangrove forests over 130 ha, s, large
fires in the A5 in 2009 and the A1 in 2010;The other areas also occur one to three times.22
22 Nhựt Trung (2014).“Bất hòa “ giữa nước và lửa của Vườn Quốc Gia Tràm Chim. Retrived January,24th , 2015
from http://www.nhandan.com.vn/mobile/_mobile_khoahoc/_mobile_moitruong/item/23891002.html

23. 23
Dr. Duong Van Ni said that from 2009 to 2013, the square of the communities in
Tram Chim has a dramatic change.
The line chart shows the dramatic change about the density in 3 communities from
2009 to 2013. The Melaleuca cajuputi (Mangrove) communities increased sharply of
around 300hectares. In comparison, a quick drop from 1100hectares to approximately 600
hectares was recorded in the density of Eleocharis dulcis communities. The rate of
invasive mangrove communities very fast and very strong, as same as the invasive rare of
mimosa plant communities, if not control in the future, the Eleocharis dulcis will
continuously reduce.
Because high water levels make the Eleocharis dulcis cannot produce roots.
Meanwhile, other species such as melaleuca, vegetables and coconut invasive strongly,
creating both thick vegetation, porous medium makes Sarus Crane could not be landed and
foraging. This may be the cause of the decline of individual Sarus Crane Tram Chim.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2009 2013
The Change Of Density in Particular Communities
Melaleuca cajuputi Panicum repens Eleocharis dulcis

24. 24
Director Nguyen Van Hung Tram Chim National Park said, in the period 1990-2000 the
number of individuals in Tram Chim cranes per year are more than 200, but since 2000 the
number of cranes on increasingly lower, in in 2013 only 15 returned to Tram Chim.23
1.5) Financial budget and professional qualifications
The final problem is the lack of highly specialized because most of the labor are
poor people. Then, Tram Chim do not have enough money to develop infrastructure
facilities in order research and analysis, the financial budget still limited. The number of
securities in the national park are not enough.
2) The solutions
2.1) Prevent the inroad of exotic plant- Mimosa
International Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD, 2002) made 15 principles
of management of abuse alien species.
+ 6 general rule is: synchronous approach ecosystems; approach system from intrusion
prevention through early detection to eliminate them; implementation of prevention
methods, supervision, general studies; education on abuse alien species; raise awareness
of the masses.
+ 3 rules to prevent abuse alien species are: isolation and control them; exchange of
information and cooperation between the parties, to strengthen the capacity of countries.
23 TBKT SG (2010).Cháy trừng quốc gia Tràm Chim ( VGCTC) :Đừng nghiêm trọng hóa! Retrived January 24th,2015
from http://vacne.org.vn/chay-vuon-quoc-gia-vqg-tram-chim-dung-nghiem-trong-hoa/22978.html

25. 25
+ 2 principles to prevent the entry of abuse alien species are: to prevent the intrusion
initiative; prevent the intentional intrusion.
+ 4 principles of control after it enters the water is: mitigation, hazards, prevent spread;
development control; eliminate them.24
In Tram Chim National Park, they apply some particular technique.
+ Mechanical craft method
+ Ecological method: grow cork to compete, overwhelms mimosa or planting to replace
+ Chemical methods: use chemistry to spray, eliminate mimosa; allotments for the
people, apply the contract contracted for local people to exploit the submerged lands for
cultivation of agricultural crops (banana trees) in the fall short sprint to increase the
incomes of the population, limiting the development of the mimosa tree.25
2.2) Minimize the affection of climate change in the diversity
Organisms in the marine environment play a significant role in climate control
through their regulation of carbon fluxes. The exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere
and ocean is larger than that between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems. The Tram
Chim National Park has a huge amount of aquatic animal, especially fishes and fish, play
24 Dật, Đ.H (2011).Sinh vật ngoại lai xâm hại và những biện pháp quản lý. Retrieved January 24th,2015 from
http://www.trithucvaphattrien.vn/n1449_sinh-vat-ngoai-lai-xam-hai-va-nhung-yeu-cau-quan-ly
25 Ngọc Liên (2015). Ám ảnh cây mai dương. Retrieved January 24th,2015 from
http://www.baodongnai.com.vn/bandoc/201501/am-anh-cay-mai-duong-2362683/

26. 26
an important role in reducing the affection of CO2. The major greenhouse gas (CO2) is
absorbed directly by water and indirectly (through photosynthesis) by vegetation.
In this National Park,
restoration and conservation are
managed in recently. However,
breeding is not mentioned,
although the nation have a lot of
opportunities to implement it
because the diversity in fisheries.
If they try to do it, not only increase their economic through trading their breeding fisheries,
but it also helps minimize the affection of climate change.
2.3) Control the activities ( especial the illegal exploration)of humans
From 2012, the local people can explore the
resources in reasonable way such as trim dry wood ,
fisheries, harvest lily, vegetables, catching yellow
snails and exploit pasture for cattle feed or cut grass
for silage grown procession ... The Board of Tram
Chim National Park allow some families harvest
grasses for farming , create animal foods , even
prevent forest fire. For some vegetable is the main

27. 27
foods ofthe local peoplee, after harvest thesevegetablese reconstruct extremely fast and
these are the daily salaries of local people. Every
type of resource in is prescribed in the right size
and be transported under the provisions yard. The
result of this activity is the improvement of local
peoples' life (50.000 vnđ/people/day), especially
the poor have stable jobs in the flood season,
reducing the pressure for the park in the
management of protected resources.26
2.4) Create the management of the water level in Tram Chim National Park
When mentioning about flooding areas, managing the levels of water are the main
thing to do. If you do not control it well, the biodiversity will be collapsed. Water level,
time period and the quality are 3 main things must to follow
The old water level management, the project
name “To enhance biodiversity conservation and
improving local livelihoods with the participation
of the community on the basis of rational
management of natural resources in Tram Chim
National Park” was not successful. The
26 Vườn Quốc Gia Tràm Chim. Retrieved January 24th , 2015 from http://hoidulich.com/mien-nam/vuon-quoc-gia-
tram-chim/msg10047/?wap2

28. 28
consequences of it were the amount of wild paddy reduce and make the decreasing of Sarus
Crane, mangrove falling down, some spices died because of flooding in too long.
In the workshop “Recommend Water Management Strategy Water- Fire in the
context of climate change (CC) for TCNP period 2015-2020 ".Experts proposed the new
water – fire management strategy, including water level control, biomass and infrastructure
in different areas and the rapid adaptation to the climate change as well as post-flooding
across the region27
Month Recommended water level/area
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5
January 161+5 161+5 131+5 141+5 145+5
February 144+5 144+5 114+5 93+5 135+5
March 128+5 128+5 108+5 77+5 199+5
April 110+5 110+5 80+5 64+5 106+5
May 91+5 91+5 67+5 50+5 90+5
June 78+5 80+5 55+5 45+5 80+5
July Minimum 88 Minimum 75 Minimum 60 Minimum 40 Minimum 75
August
September
October
November
December Minimum 174 Minimum 174 Minimum 135 Minimum 123 Minimum 175
In addition, the application of active burning with the circle 2 to 3 years in order to help
reduce the accumulation of biomass density – which is easy to burn.
27 B.T(2014). Giải pháp mới quản lý sinh thái VQG Tràm Chim. Retrieved January 24th , 2015 from
http://disanxanh.vn/ArticleDetail.aspx?articleid=62212&sitepageid=28

29. 29
2.5) Search and call for investment in technology and labor also
Dong Thap People's Committees officially issued Decision No. 481 / QD-UBND-
HC (dated 05.17.2013) for the approval of conservation planning for sustainable
development Tram Chim National Park (period 2013-2020). Dong Thap divergence
mobilizes nearly 208 billion from the budget and international cooperation in order to
improve the technology, infrastructure and make a professional fosteringcourse forstaffs28
V) THE CONCLUSION
With the enormous biodiversity which combined between animal’s communities and
vegetation communities, Tram Chim National Park is the right place that need to develop,
restoration.
28 Phương , H (2013).Huy động 208 tỉ đồng đầu tư bảo tồn đa dạng sinh học cho khu Ramsar thứ 2000 của thế giới.
Retrieved January 24th , 2015 from http://www.hoinongdan.org.vn/moi-truong/tai-nguyen/5958-huy-
%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng-208-t%E1%BB%89-%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng-%C4%91%E1%BA%A7u-t%C6%B0-
b%E1%BA%A3o-t%E1%BB%93n-%C4%91a-d%E1%BA%A1ng-sinh-h%E1%BB%8Dc-cho-khu-ramsar-th%E1%BB%A9-
2-000-c%E1%BB%A7a-th%E1%BA%BF-gi%E1%BB%9Bi.html

30. 30
VI) BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Vườn Quốc Gia Tràm Chim Đồng Tháp (unknown). Retrieved 3rd ,January, 2015,
from http://tramchim.com.vn/tong-quan-moi/.
2. Tram Chim National Park (n.d). Retrieved January 15th, 2015 from
http://www.ramsar.org/tram-chim-national-park.
3. Tram Chim National Park (2008). Retrieved January 19th , 2015 from
http://www.vietnam-beauty.com/top-destinations/vietnam-national-parks-a-nature-
reserves/140-tram-chim-national-park.html
4. Động vật ( mới). Retrieved January 14th, 2015 from http://tramchim.com.vn/dong-
vat-moi/
5. Thực vật (mới) ( unknown). Retrieved January 8th , 2015 from
http://tramchim.com.vn/thuc-vat-moi/
6. Ischemum rugosum salisb (unknown). Retrived January 14th,2015
http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/training/fact-sheets/item/ischaemum-rugosum-
salisb.
7. TBKT SG (2010). Cháy trừng quốcgia Tràm Chim ( VGCTC) :Đừng nghiêm trọng
hóa! Retrived January 24th, 2015 from http://vacne.org.vn/chay-vuon-quoc-gia-
vqg-tram-chim-dung-nghiem-trong-hoa/22978.html
8. Nhựt Trung (2014). “Bất hòa “ giữa nước và lửa của Vườn Quốc Gia Tràm Chim.
Retrived January, 24th , 2015 from

31. 31
http://www.nhandan.com.vn/mobile/_mobile_khoahoc/_mobile_moitruong/item/2
3891002.html
9. 1 Trí, N.V(2013) . Biến đổi đa dạng sinh học vườn quốc gia Tràm Chim. Retrieved
January 24th, 2015 from http://www.vietnamplus.vn/bien-doi-da-dang-sinh-hoc-
vuon-quoc-gia-tram-chim/213201.vnp
10.1Mimoso Pigra. Retrievd January 19th, 2105 from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimosa_pigra
11.1 Trí, V.N ( 2014). Nhiều loài đông vật quý hiếm ở Tràm Chim bị de dọa. Retrived
January 19th , 2014from http://www.vietnamplus.vn/nhieu-loai-dong-thuc-vat-quy-
hiem-o-tram-chim-bi-de-doa/268218.vnp
12.Trí,V.N ( September 20th,2014). Hấp dẫn du lịch trải nghiệm mùa nước nổi ở Vườn
Quốc Gia Tràm Chim .Retrieved January 4th,2015 from
http://www.vietnamplus.vn/hap-dan-du-lich-trai-nghiem-mua-nuoc-noi-o-vuon-
tram-chim/282170.vnp
13.Nguyễn Hành – Trọng Trung ( January 3rd,2015). Văn hóa giải trí. Du lịch. Vườn
Quốc gia Tràm Chim thu hút khách du lịch dịp tết dương lịch. Retrieved January
4th,2015 from http://plo.vn/van-hoa-giai-tri/du-lich/vuon-quoc-gia-tram-chim-thu-
hut-khach-du-lich-dip-tet-duong-lich-521690.html
14.Sen Hồng (unknown) Retrieved January 8th ,2015 from
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sen_h%E1%BB%93ng

32. 32
15.Panicum repens (unknown) Retrieved January 9th,2015 from
http://www.sms.si.edu/irlspec/Panicum_repens.htm.
16.Dật, Đ.H (2011).Sinh vật ngoại lai xâm hại và những biện pháp quản lý. Retrieved
January 24th, 2015 from http://www.trithucvaphattrien.vn/n1449_sinh-vat-ngoai-
lai-xam-hai-va-nhung-yeu-cau-quan-ly
17.Ngọc Liên (2015). Ám ảnh cây mai dương. Retrieved January 24th, 2015 from
http://www.baodongnai.com.vn/bandoc/201501/am-anh-cay-mai-duong-2362683/
18.B.T(2014). Giải pháp mới quản lý sinh thái VQG Tràm Chim. Retrieved January
24th , 2015 from
http://disanxanh.vn/ArticleDetail.aspx?articleid=62212&sitepageid=28
1Vườn Quốc Gia Tràm Chim. Retrieved January 24th , 2015 from
http://hoidulich.com/mien-nam/vuon-quoc-gia-tram-chim/msg10047/?wap2
19.1 Phương , H (2013). Huy động 208 tỉ đồng đầu tư bảo tồn đa dạng sinh học cho
khu Ramsar thứ 2000 của thế giới. Retrieved January 24th , 2015 from
http://www.hoinongdan.org.vn/moi-truong/tai-nguyen/5958-huy-
%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng-208-t%E1%BB%89-%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng-
%C4%91%E1%BA%A7u-t%C6%B0-b%E1%BA%A3o-t%E1%BB%93n-
%C4%91a-d%E1%BA%A1ng-sinh-h%E1%BB%8Dc-cho-khu-ramsar-
th%E1%BB%A9-2-000-c%E1%BB%A7a-th%E1%BA%BF-
gi%E1%BB%9Bi.html

33. 33