industrial training report

1. GOVRMNMENT POLYTECHNIC, YAVATMAL
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
(INDUSTRIAL TRAINING) (22057)
Report on
Industrial Training (22057)
From
07/06/2023 to 22/07/2023
At
Jagannath Construction Company
(CIVIL ENGINEERING – SEM V)
2023-2024
SUBMITTED BY
Om Pravin Dhumane
ENROLLMENT NO (2101350112)

2. Abstract
Industrial training offers the students with important practical knowledge and skills and
encourages them in becoming a successful and best professional engineer. The main objective
of the industrial training is to provide the best and relevant theoretical knowledge, practical
knowledge and soft skills to gain in a particular time period.
Industrial training is an important phase of a student life. A well planned, properly executed
and evaluated industrial training helps a lot in developing a professional attitude. It develops
an awareness of industrial approach to problem solving, based on a broad understanding of
process and mode of operation of organization. The aim and motivation of this industrial
training is to receive discipline, skills, teamwork and technical knowledge through a proper
training environment, which will help me, as a student in the field of Civil Engineering.
In this training we have learn lot of about Civil Engineering, like scope of civil engineering.
complete profile and information of a construction company, roles and responsibilities of
different departments and their personnel, importance and use various drawing, different
stages and activities involved in construction of a building, various technology used in
modern surveying, roles and responsibilities of site engineering etc.

3. Acknowledgement
With the deep sense of gratitude, we would like to thanks all the people who have lit our path
with their kind guidance. We are very grateful to these intellectuals who did their best to help
during our project work.
It is our proud privilege to express deep sense of gratitude to Dr. R.J.Mogre Principal of
Government Polytechnic, Yavatmal for his comments and kind permission to complete this
project. We remain indebted to Prof. N.P.Tathe H.O.D, Civil Engineering Department for
their timely suggestion and valuable guidance.
I would also like to thank Training Centre, JCC for providing an opportunity to undergo
training. During my virtual visit to the company and various construction sites for preparing
this Project Report, I learnt many interesting things about the construction activities.
We thanks to all the colleagues for their appreciable help for our working project.
With various industry owners or lab technicians to help, it has been our end to throughout our
work to cover the entire project work.
We also thankful to our parents who provided their wishful support for our project completion
in a successful manner.
And lastly, we thanks to our all friends and the people who are directly or indirectly related
to our project work.
Name: Om Dhumane
Place: Yavatmal

4. TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter 1. Organization structure of Industry
Chapter 2. Introduction of Industry
Chapter 3. Types of major equipment/instruments/machines used in Industry
Chapter 4. Manufacturing processes along with production planning and control methods
Chapter 5. Testing of raw materials, components and finished products along with quality assurance
procedures.
Chapter 6. Major materials handling product.
Chapter 7. Safety procedure followed and safety gear use
Chapter 8. Particulars of practical experiences in Industry
Chapter 9. Short report of the project.
Chapter 10.Special experiences encountered during training.

5. Chapter 1. Organization of Industry
Owner
Manager
Engineer
Supervisor
Labour

6. Chapter 2. Introduction of Industry
Name of company: Jagannath Construction Company (JCC)
The Jagannath Construction Company was started in year 2009, is a wholesome construction company
located in Yavatmal. The company focuses on quality and affordable developments. It has an established
brand and reputation and a track record of developing innovative projects through its emphasis on
contemporary structure, strong project execution and quality construction exclusively in the roads and bridge
construction.
Turnover of company: 25 cr
Number of Employes: 70
Roles and responsibilities of different departments:
1. Owner:
Throughout the construction process, the owner is responsible for overseeing the project to ensure that it
is progressing according to plan. This involves monitoring the contractor's progress, reviewing and
approving change orders, and resolving any issues that arise during the construction process.
2. Manager:
Overseeing and directing construction projects from conception to completion. Reviewing the project in-
depth to schedule deliverables and estimate costs. Overseeing all onsite and offsite constructions to
monitor compliance with building and safety regulations.
3. Engineer:
 Managing the planning and design stages of construction projects.
 Contributing technical expertise to project drawings and designs.
 Performing cost calculations and preparing financial projections.
 Preparing work schedules in collaboration with the project manager.
4. Supervisor:
A construction supervisor will be involved in the supervision of contractors and other staff in the field
and will oversee the construction activities that occur on the worksite. He or she will plan, oversee, and
implement construction efforts at work sites and report to the construction manager.
5. Labour:
Setting up the construction site, including cleaning and removing any debris or hazards. Moving and
preparing the materials to be used on the project. Building or moving a variety of structures such as
scaffolding, bridges, or barricades etc.

7. Chapter 3: Types of Major Equipments/Machines Used In Industry.
1. Power saw (Steel cutter) :
A circular saw is a tool for cutting many materials such as wood, masonry, plastic, or metal and may be hand-
held or mounted to a machine. Circular saw blades are specially designed for each particular material they
are intended to cut and in cutting wood are specifically designed for making rip-cuts, cross-cuts, or a
combination of both. Circular saws are commonly powered by electricity, but may be powered by a gasoline
engine or a hydraulic motor which allows it to be fastened to heavy equipment, eliminating the need for a
separate energy source.
Price- Rs.8,700
Blade- 200-250/blade
Use- On site this machine is used for cutting Ply wood for shutterings and for cutting tiles and concrete blocks for
flooring and other purposes.
Power saw (Steel cutter)
2. Vibrator:
As wet concrete is poured, air bubbles become trapped within the mixture creating cavities or honeycomb-
like spaces. Left untouched, “honeycombing” can compromise the cement’s longevity and strength.
Vibrators force the trapped air out of the mixture leaving the final product a more compact and level slab. It
is not uncommon to see small bursts of air surfacing from the wet mixture when the vibrator is being used
correctly.
Power- 1.75hp, 1250watt
Price- Rs.4,800 – 10,000
Needle- 1.5m 35mm
Use- It is used for helping the concrete to settle down and to avoid the formation of viods and honeycombing
in concrete.

8. Needle vibrator
3. Plate Compactor:
A compactor is a machine or mechanism used to reduce the size of material such as waste material or bio
mass through compaction. This helps in gaining strength of base material by packing the molecules together
closely.
Plate compactor
Specification
Type- Plate type Diesel driven
Engine Power- 3.5hp
Price- Rs.35,000
Use- They are used to Compact the sub base and murum beds so as to create a hard strata for further
construction.

9. 4. Vibratory Roller:
A vibratory roller is a machine used in construction and road building to compact or compress materials like
soil, gravel, or asphalt. Vibratory rollers use vibration to improve the efficiency of the compaction process,
making them faster and more effective than traditional rollers.
Vibratory Roller
Power
Roller Type
Weight
Price
100 HP
Single Drum Vibratory Roller
11350 Kg
32 lakh
5. Poclain:
This machine featured a full 360 deg rotating excavator on a three-wheeled tricycle undercarriage.
Poclain
Maximum Engine Power
Maximum Operating Weight
Max digging depth
Maximum dumping height
Price
140 HP (104 kW) at 2000 rpm
21200 kg
6740 mm
6670 mm
63 lakh

10. Chapter 4. Manufacturing processes along with production planning and control
methods
Manufacturing process of bricks
There are four different operations are involved in the process of manufacturing of bricks:
1. Preparation of clay
2. Molding
3. Drying
4. Burning
Preparation of clay:
 Preparation of clay for bricks manufacturing is done in six steps: Unsoiling of clay We need pure
clay for the preparation of bricks. The top layer of soil may contains impurities, so the clay in top
layer of soil about 200mm depth is thrown away. This is called unsoiling. Digging After the removal
of top layer, the clay is dug out from the ground and spread on the plain ground. Cleaning In this
stage, the clay is cleaned of stones, vegetable matter etc. if large quantity of particulate matter is
present, then the clay is washed and screened. The lumps of clay are converted into powder with earth
crushing rollers.
 At our site they use 90 % of fly ash and 10 % of clay soil for the prepration of clay.
 They used manual methods to mix to raw materials. After that they put the mix in conveyor to speed
up the process.
Conveyor
Hand molding of bricks:
In this process the labours fill the mixture in mold to give rectangular shape to brick and then raw bricks are
taken out from mold.

11. Drying of raw bricks:
 After molding process the bricks contain some amount of moisture in it. So, drying is to be done otherwise
they may cracked while burning. The drying of raw bricks is done by natural process.
 The bricks are laid on ground in such a way that circulation of air in between the bricks is free.
 The period of drying may be 3 to 10 days. It also depends upon the weather conditions.
Burning of bricks:
 In the process of burning, the dried bricks are burned either in clamps (small scale) or kilns (large scale)
up to certain degree temperature. In this stage, the bricks will gain hardness and strength so it is important
stage in manufacturing of bricks.
 The temperature required for burning is about 1100oC. If they burnt beyond this limit they will be brittle
and easy to break. If they burnt under this limit, they will not gain full strength and there is a chance to
absorb moisture from the atmosphere.
 Hence burning should be done properly to meet the requirements of good brick.
Burnt bricks (size: 9”4”3”)

12. Casting of column:
Site address: In front of Bharti Apartment Darda Nagar, Yavatmal
Column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through
compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column
is a compression member.
1. Column Layout Work. This is the first step of column construction.
2.Column Reinforcement Work. When marking of column location is done, the reinforcement of columns
are placed according to the structural drawing.
3. Preparation and fixing of forwork. (wooden)
4. Pouring Concrete Into Column.
The ratio of materials for concreting of column taken on site is
For 1 bag of cement, 6 pan of sand and 7 pan of aggregate. The mixing of materials is done manually.
Column
5. Formwork of column is removed after 48 hrs.
6. After removal of form work the column is covered with gunny bags for curing.

13. Slab Casting:
Site address: In front of Renuka Marriage Hall, Yavatmal.
Slab, In architecture, a flat, monolithic piece of stone or concrete used for a floor or roof.
Formwork
The formwork should be based on IS 14687-1999 standard. The formwork or centering and shuttering is
essential for sustaining concrete properly. Formwork offers the strong support to the wet concrete unless it
has attained adequate stability to become self supporting.
Bending and binding steel bars
While creating the design of the slab, it is assumed that the concrete has good compressive strength but it is
feeble in tensile strength. To make the structure sustainable against the tensile stress, the steel bars are
arranged. Placement of steel bars Steel bars diameter and its distance in RCC slab is computed by designing
the slab based on the load and span of the slab. Normally, 12 mm, 10 mm and 8 mm diameter steel bars are
utilized in RCC slab as per the length of the span of the slab and correspondingly gapping is provided as 4.5”
to 6” in the main bars and 6” to 8” in distribution bars.
Laying of cement concrete
Arrange walking way on steel bars by setting wooden plates to get rid of any issue in steel bars. Now, the
cement concrete mix should be placed according to design but it should be kept over 1:2:4 ratio. The mix
should have been mixed mechanically and vibrated after being placed on the slab.
All above structures are mainly made up of concrete hence quality assurance for concrete.
Quality assurance is a method for the proper monitoring and evaluation of different aspects of repair work to
make sure that standards of quality are met. Quality control is inspection and tests set to confirm that the
materials used and repair technique meet project specification.
Slab casting

14. Chapter 5. Testing of raw materials, components and finished products along with
quality assurance procedures.
Site address: In front of Bharti Apartment Darda Nagar, Yavatmal
On site, the site Engineer show us the field tests of cement and bricks to check quality. And later we perform
the field tests on bricks.
Field tests of cement
1. Date of Manufacturing: As the strength of cement reduces with age, the date of manufacturing of
cement bags should be checked.
2. Cement Color: The color of cement should be uniform. It should be typical cement color i.e. gray color
with a light greenish shade.
3. Lump test: Cement should be free from hard lumps. Such lumps are formed by the absorption of moisture
from the atmosphere.
4. Temperature Inside Cement Bag: If the hand is plunged into a bag of cement, it should be cool inside
the cement bag. If hydration reaction takes place inside the bag, it will become warm.
5. Smoothness Test: When cement is touched or rubbed in between fingers, it should give a smooth feeling.
If it felt rough, it indicates adulteration with sand.
6. Water Sinking Test: If a small quantity of cement is thrown into the water, it should float some time
before finally sinking.
7. The smell of Cement Paste: A thin paste of cement with water should feel sticky between the fingers.
If the cement contains too much-pounded clay and silt as an adulterant, the paste will give an earthy
smell.
Cement bad (50 kg)

15. Chapter 6. Major materials handling product
1. Lifting machine:
Concrete lifting machine or lift is an instrument, which lift the load with the help of shared power source of
concrete mixer and sometimes independent power source is provided.
Lifting machine
2. Steel Single wheel construction trolley:
Steel single wheel construction trolley is used for transporting concrete from one place to another.
Capacity: 100 kg
Price: 5000 rs
Steel Single wheel construction trolley

16. 3. Concrete mixer
A concrete mixer is a device that homogeneously combines concrete, aggregate such as sand or gravel, and
water to form concrete. A concrete mixer is comprised primarily of a motor, a rotating drum, and a bucket
which holds the materials to be mixed before putting it into revolving drum.
Capacity- 500 litre
Type- Diesel
Power- 7.5hp
Price- Rs. 4.5 lakhs
Concrete mixer
4. Conveyor belts:
Belt conveyor is necessary in the production line of gravel and construction waste, and is mainly used to
connect the broken equipment of different levels, sand production facilities, and screening equipment. It is
also widely used in cement, mining, metallurgy, chemical, foundry, and building materials industries.
Conveyor

17. 5. Backhoe loader:
A backhoe loader is a heavy construction equipment that consists of a tractor-like unit fitted with a loader-
style shovel/bucket on the front and a backhoe on the back. Backhoe loaders can tackle landscaping jobs of
all sizes and types, such as digging up trees and moving them to new locations, even keeping the root ball
intact. They can also be put to work moving boulders, rocks, and gravel, or moving dirt and pushing topsoil
into place. Backhoes are also great for digging fence post holes or minor excavation jobs, such as digging
small ponds and water features. They can even be used to dig trenches for irrigation lines to keep the
landscape watered and healthy all year round.
Price: 22-38 lakhs
Backhoe loader
6. Paver
A paver (road paver finisher, asphalt finisher, road paving machine) is a piece of construction equipment
used to lay asphalt concrete or Portland cement concrete on roads, bridges, parking lots and other such places.
Price: 24-30 lakhs
Paver

18. Chapter 7. Safety procedure followed and safety gear use
Construction is an industry filled with potential dangers. Protective equipment for construction workers
ranges from steel-toe footwear to high-visibility vests which are really important.
Some of the safety equipments are mentioned below:
1. Hand Protection Gloves:
Hand gloves are supplied to all personals to protect against cuts when handling material or
equipment’s, during cleaning operations, cutting metal studs or similar works.Many workers at our
site were well aware about using Hand Gloves for their safety and were using it.
2. Gumboots
They helps to provide
 Protection From Falling Object
 Prevents Slips, Trips, And Falls
 Prevent Fatigue
 Provide Protection From Burns
 Provides High-temperature Protection
 Provide Protection From Falling Objects
They are constructed with a waterproof synthetic upper that prevents damage done to your feet by
water, dirt, mud, or other foreign substances. The rubber sole is flexible, lightweight, and slip-
resistant to ensure you are safe on an irregular surface, whether indoors or outdoors. The mid-calf
height allows you to move around comfortably without having to roll up your pants. All the workers
involved in slab casting were strictly wearing gumboots at the site.
3. Helmet
Hard hat or helmet is issued to each and every personnel working on site. It has to be worn all times
at job site ideally whereas at our own site there very hardly any worker wearing a helmet.
4. Safety Glasses
Safety glasses are required at construction site every time debris is filled in air due to activities on
site.

19. Chapter 8. Particulars of practical experiences in Industry
There are some field tests that we conducted in the field in order to check the quality of bricks.
1. Visual inspection
In this test bricks are closely inspected for its shape. The bricks of good quality should be uniform in shape
and should have truly rectangular shape with sharp edges.
2. Hardness test
A good brick should resist scratches against sharp things. So, for this test a sharp tool or finger nail is used
to make scratch on brick. If there is no scratch impression on brick then it is said to be hard brick.
3. Colour test
A good brick should possess bright and uniform color throughout its body
4. Soundness test
Soundness test of bricks shows the nature of bricks against sudden impact. In this test, 2 bricks are chosen
randomly and struck with one another. Then sound produced should be clear bell ringing sound and brick
should not break. Then it is said to be good brick.
5. Structure of brick
To know the structure of brick, pick one brick randomly from the group and break it. Observe the inner
portion of brick clearly. It should be free from lumps and homogeneous.
6. Drop test
A brick should not break when dropped flat on hard ground from a height of about one meter.

20. Chapter 9. Short report of the project.
The project I visited for training is a construction work of residential building.
Address of site: Darda nagar, in front of bharti apartment Yavatmal.
Plot area: 1575 sq.ft
The structure is G+1 frame structure. Where plinth height is 3 feet from road level. Both floor has 2bhk.
I observed various construction operations on site like plastering, brick work, centering of slab, removing
of formwork.
Plastering (internal)
Internal plastering means plastering done for internal walls in which the work procedure provides a
finished surface that is firm and smooth. The plaster acts as a thermal insulating layer to an extent. It acts
as a layer for fire protection.
Procedure for plastering
There are three steps for plastering of brick wall
 First step is preparing of cement slurry. This is a mixture of cement and water. The use of cement
slurry or spatterdash coat before plastering can improve bonding and reduce debonding or
delamination.
 Second step involve in plastering is making and application of thick mortar. This is also called as
application of under coat.
 Third step is application of thin mortar or application of final coat.
After completion of plastering work, it is kept wet by sprinkling water for at least 7 days in order to
develop strength and hardness.
Plastering work

21. Chapter 10. Challenging experiences encountered during training.
One of the major problem faced at the site was Rain. It was raining a lot due to which site work was on hold.
Which lead to rescheduling of particular work like column, slab casting etc., which ultimately affects the
completion period of project.
The quality of concrete is directly related to its strength, which depend on water cement ratio. The rain water
increases the proportion of water in the concrete mix at the time of mixing, transporting, placing, compacting
and finishing. The sand and aggregate get wet in the rain, which raises the proportion of water in the concrete.
These factors increase the water-cement ratio of concrete mix. Though water-cement ratio improves the
workability of concrete, it ultimately reduces the strength to a great extent. An average increase of 0.1 of
water cement ratio reduces strength by 5%.
At our site it was prevented with the help of Tarpaulin Sheets.
Some of the others ways are:
Simply reduce water cement ratio as the rain water is already present on the surface of aggregate due to
raining or increase the quality of cement, which is worthy.
The water-cement ratio should be reduced by mixing the appropriate admixture after getting the permission
of consultant.
The staging should be provided to cover the pouring area with the plastic sheet. Every precaution should
be taken to reduce the interruption due to rain during the pouring activity. The bit of help should be taken
from the weather department to plan the pouring of concrete.
 Spray rich cement slurry on the surface, where it has rained immediately after you laid concrete.