Biology

1. Module 1: The
CeLL

2. objectives
➜Distinguish
prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells
based on their
features.
➜ Explain the
postulates of the
cell theory.
➜ Describe the
structure and
function of major
and subcellular
organelles.
2

3. “What is true for E. coli
is also true for the
elephant.”
--Jacques Monod, biochemist
3

4. 4

5. Transition Headline
Development of
Microscopy
1550s present
Development of the
Cell Theory

6. Antony van Leeuwenhoek
➜ observed
“animalcules” from
pond water, bacteria
from teeth, red blood
cells and sperm cells
using a magnifying
tool which consists of
2 flat thin metals and
a biconvex lens.
6

7. Robert Hooke
➜ coined the term cell to describe what he saw
under the microscope.
7

8. Matthias schleiden
➜ proposed that all plants are made up of
cells.
8

9. Theodor schwann
➜ proposed that all animals are made up of
cells.
9

10. Robert Remak
➜ discovered that cells arise from pre-
existing cells via cell division.
10

11. Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow
➜ plagiarized Remak’s work and is largely
credited for the idea of “Omnis cellula e
cellulae” or “every cell stems from
another cell”.
11

12. 12
1590
1558 1611 1886
1550s present

13. 13

14. 14

15. Classical Cell Theory*
All life
forms are
made from
one or
more cells.
The cell is
the
smallest
form of
life.
Cells only
arise from
pre-
existing
cells.
15
*as modified by Virchow

16. Modern Cell Theory
➜ All known living things are made up of
cells.
➜ The cell is the structural & functional unit
of all living things.
➜ All cells come from pre-existing cells by
division cells contain hereditary
information that is passed from cell to cell
during cell division.
16

17. Modern cell theory
➜ All cells are basically the same
in chemical composition.
➜ All energy flow of life occurs
within cells.
17

18. 18

19. Big concept
Bring the attention of your audience over a
key concept using icons or illustrations
19

20. Want big impact? Use big image. 20

21. 21

22. 22

23. 23

24. Prokaryotic
Eubacteria and
Archaea
Types of Cells
Eukaryotic
Plants, Animals,
Fungi and Protists
24

25. 25

26. 26

27. 27

28. 28

29. 29

30. 30

31. 31

32. Two cell types and their features
32
Criteria Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
*data available less More
size 1-10 μm 10-100 μm
organisms Domain Archaea
Domain Bacteria
Domain Eukarya
energy production Anaerobic, aerobic,
fermentation
Mainly aerobic,
fermentation
Genetic material Nucleoid
Circular DNA
DNA complexed with
few histone proteins
Nucleus
Linear DNA
DNA associated with
histones
organelles Not membrane bound Membrane-bound
ribosomes 70 S 80 S

33. 33
Criteria Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Number of cells per
organism
Mainly unicellular Some unicellular many
multicellular
Compartmentalization
of metabolic functions
Not as extensive as
eukaryotes
Extensive
Cell division mitosis Mitosis
Meiosis
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
absent Present

34. 34

35. 35

36. Group Activity #1 Most Outstanding
organelle
Students work in groups to create an oral
presentation and visual representation of an
assigned organelle. They must then present
their work to the entire class. The oral
presentation is given in the form of a 2-minute
persuasive speech, and the visual is given in
the form of a "glamour shot” or poster.
36

37. ➜ The speech should be formatted in a manner
that discusses the role of the organelle
within the cell while highlighting the relative
importance of the organelle to cell function.
The poster or glamour shot should be
representative of the organelle's actual
structure but may also include creativity to
show the organelle as a contestant.
37

38. 38

39. 39
Section Group No. Assigned Organelle
Curie/Newton 1 Nucleus
2 Rough ER
3 Smooth ER
4 Mitochondrion
5 Lysosome
Mendel/Einstein 1 Golgi Apparatus
2 Cytoplasm
3 Chloroplast
4 Cell membrane
5 Cell wall

40. 40
Section Group No. Assigned Organelle
Galilei/Rutherford 1 Ribosome
2 Cytoskeleton
3 Centrioles
4 Vacuole
5 Vesicles

41. 41

42. 42