This document summarizes different pathways for deamination of amino acids. It discusses oxidative deamination, which involves the liberation of ammonia from amino acids coupled with oxidation. This can occur via glutamate dehydrogenase or amino acid oxidases. It also discusses non-oxidative deamination of serine and threonine via the enzymes serine dehydratase and threonine dehydratase. Deamination pathways play important roles in amino acid catabolism and the regulation of nitrogen and amino acid levels.

1. DEAMINATION
OF
AMINO ACID
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2. DEAMINATION
OXIDATIVE
DEAMINATI
ON
NON-
OXIDATIVE
DEAMINATION

3. OXIDATIVE DEAMINATION
• The liberation of free ammonia from
amino group of amino acids,when
coupled with oxidation known as
oxidative deamination.
• Site- mostly in liver and
kidney

4. OXIDATIVE DEAMINATION BY
GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE
• The alpha amino group of most amino acid are ultimately transferred
to alpha ketoglutarate by transamination forming L-glutamate.
• The L-glutamate undergoes oxidative deamination by the action
of L –glutamate dehydrogenase to liberate ammonia.
• It also requires NAD or NADP as an oxidizing agent.
• Thus,net removal of alpha amino groups to ammonia requires the
combined action of glutamate transaminase and glutamate
dehydrogenase.

6. Metabolic significance
• It is a reversible reaction .
• Catabolically ,it channels nitrogen from glutamate to
ammonia .
• Anabolically it catalyzes animation of alpha ketoglutarate
by free ammonia to form glutamate.
• Regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase activity.

7. OXIDATIVE DEAMINATION
BY AMINOACID OXIDASES
• Oxidative deamination occur by both L-and D-amino acid OXIDASES.
• Site – occur in kidney and liver.
• Amino acid oxidases uses FMN or FAD as coenzyme
• This coenzyme oxidize amino acids to an alpha imino acid .alpha imino acid
is an unstable compound which decomposes to the corresponding alpha
keto acid with release of ammonium ion .
• In this reaction oxygen is reduced to hydrogen peroxide ,
which is later decomposed by catalase .

9. METABOLIC SIGNIFICANCE
• L-amino acid oxidase plays minor
role in amino acid catabolism.
• Activity of D-amino acid oxidase is than that
of L- amino acid oxidase
• D-amino acid present in diet are metabolized by D – amino
acid oxidase in liver.

10. NON-OXIDATIVE DEAMINATION
BY AMINOACID DEHYDRATASE
• The alpha amino groups of serine and threonine can be
directly deaminated into ammonium ion,this are hydroxy
amino acid .
• Direct deamination,without oxidation
• These direct deamination is catalyzed by serine
dehydratase and threonine dehydratase in which
pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is the coenzyme .