1. ‘The Death of the Author'
With the reference to
'Practical Criticism’
“It never what a poem says that matters,
but What it is”
I.A.Richards
2. ● Academic Details
Name: Rinkal Dangar
Roll No: 18
Enrollment No: 4069206420220007
Paper Name:Literary Theory & Criticism and Indian Aesthetics
Paper No: 109
Paper Code: 22402
Topic: The Death of the Author' With the reference to 'Practical
Criticism’
Submitted to : Smt. S.B.Gardi, department of English M.K.B.U
Dated on : 14/03/2023
E-Mail : dangarrinkal0609@gmail.com
3. Introduction :
● Ivor Armstrong Richards was an English
educator, literary critic,poet and rhetorician.
● His contributed to the New Criticism,a Formalist
movement in literary theory.
● His path breaking works are :
● The meaning of Meaning,
● The Principles of literary Criticism and
● The Practical Criticism.
4. What The Practical Criticism is…?
● Richards Published in 1929, ‘The Practical Criticism’
● Accounts of the history of the close reading that it primarily
as a New Critical practice that began with Practical
Criticism’(North).
● Practical Criticism is a form of Reading or the close reading
of the text.
● Peter Barry argues in Begging theory that I.A.Rivhards
pioneered the technique that made a close study of literature
possibly by isolating the text from its History and Context.
● It disregards the Social and Historical context of the text.
● It emphasized the close reading of a literary text, especially
Poetry
● The Poem in itself.
● What Richards was infact doing, was investigating the nature
of introspection and using poetry as instrument to do
so(West)
5. Continue…
● The main objective to the Practical Criticism of
Richards,was to encourage students to
concentrate on the words on the page rather than
dependent on the preconceived or received belief
about the text.
● Practical criticism of Richards deals with..
● Four Kinds of Meaning (Sense, Feeling,Tone, and
Intention).
● Two uses of Language (Scientific,and Emotive) and
● Figurative language.
6. Death of the Author
● Death of the Author is an essay by French literary critic
and Theorist,Roland Barthes.
● It argues against the method of Criticism that relies on
the Author's identify, political views, historical context,
religion, or personal attributes.
● It's Language who speaks.
● Instead of discovering a single theological meaning,
readers of the Text discover that writing in reality.
● According to Barthes, Author is there to produce but not
to explain.
● Author is merely a scriptor.
7. Conclusion
● Practical criticism suggests that the Text
should be out from external elements or
connections.
● Avoidance of Personal and Historical
contexts.
● Collective Consciousness is necessary.
● Practical Criticism refers the idea of ‘The
Death of the Author'
8. Works Cited
- Barthes, R., Heath, S., & Dove, M. (1977). The death of the author.
● GASS, WILLIAM H. “The Death of the Author.” Salmagundi, no. 65, 1984,
pp. 3–26. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40547668. Accessed 14 Mar.
2023.
● North, Joseph. “What’s ‘New Critical’ about ‘Close Reading’? I. A. Richards
and His New Critical Reception.” New Literary History, vol. 44, no. 1, 2013,
pp. 141–57. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/24542542. Accessed 13
Mar. 2023.
● Richards, I. A. (2004). Practical criticism: A study of literary judgment.
Transaction.
● West, David W. “Practical Criticism: I.A. Richards' Experiment in
Interpretation.” Changing English, vol. 9, no. 2, 2002, pp. 207–213.,
https://doi.org/10.1080/1358684022000006311.
9. Question asked to ChatGpt for the topic of
Presentation regarding to ‘The Practical
Criticism’ and the response given by it..
10. Thank You
“The birth of Reader must be required by the
Death of the Author”
Roland Barthes
