I.a richard’s criticisms'

1. Literary Theory & Criticism and
Indian Aesthetics
I.A Richard’s Criticisms
Nanditaba Chudasama
Semester : 2
Enrollment no : 3069206420200006
Roll no : 13
Batchb: 2020 -2022
S. B Gardi Department of English Bhavnagar

2. Full name : Ivor Armstrong Richards.
Born : 26,Feb,1893, Sandbach, England.
Died : 7 sep, 1979, Cambridge shine.
Occupation : critic, poet and teacher.
Education : Magdalene college, Cambridge.
Writings : The Meaning of Meaning,
Principle of Literary Criticism, practical
criticism.

4. ” I have set three aims before me in constructing this book”:
1.”To introduce a new kind of documentation to those who
are interested in the contemporary state culture .”
2. “To provide a new techniques for those who wish to
discover poetry,and why like or dislike it.”
3.” To prepare way for educational methods more efficient
than the power to understand what we hearand read.”
Techniques & principles

5. • He should grasp a strong control over words
and the effect they produce.
• He must be a sound judge and have an
adequate knowledge of psychology.
• The critic is expected to understand and
expand the context of a poem do that the
poem may become intelligible and its full
value may be grapsed.
Qualities of a Critic

6. He says; a poet writes to communicate, and
language is the means of that communication.
Language is made of words and hence a study of
words are all important.
Words carry four kinds of meaning or to be more
precise the totle meaning of a word depends upon
four factors These are :
• Sense
• Feelings
• Tone
• Intention
Textual
Analysis

7. • Practical Criticism began in 1920’s with a series of
experiments by Cambridge critic I.A Richards.
• He gave poem to his students for interpretation
without any information about the poet ,its title or
when were they writtern.
• The objective of his work was to encourage students
to concentrate on ‘the words on the page’ ,rather than
relying on preconceived or received belief about a
New & practical
Criticism

8. 💡Early important works in the tradition were
those of the English critics
✍️ I.A Richards (practical Criticism, 1929) and
✍️ William Empson (seven Types of
Ambiguity,1930)
✍️ T.S Eliot with his critical essays “ Tradition
and the Individual Talent”(1917) and “Hamlet
New & practical
Criticism

9. References
Schiller, Jerome , I.A. Richards’
Theory of Literature. New Haven,
Yale University Press, 1969.
Russo, John , I. A. Richards: His Life and
Work. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University
Press, 1989.