Unit a biologicaldiversitynotes(dna)

1. z
DNA

2. z
DNA:
• Deoxyribonucleic acid
• The “blueprint” for making a copy of a cell.
• It is the inherited material responsible for variation
• All living organisms contain DNA in their cell nuclei

3. z
DNA:

4. z
DNA:
• The DNA molecule is helical in shape, like
a ​spiraling ladder
• Each rung is made from any 2 of the following
four chemicals: guanine (G), cytosine (C), adenine
(A), and thiamine (T).

5. z
DNA:
DNA Strand:
double helix
T, A, G, C
shapes bond​ together.
T-A, G-C

6. z
DNA:
Genetic Code: Arrangement of 4 chemical “letters” on
a DNA molecule that can be arranged into “words” that
form instructions for making an organism
Chromosomes: Organisms arrange the DNA into
packages whose contents are neatly put together into
structures that easily fit into the cell.
Nucleotide: the rungs of the ladder in DNA (Made up
of the 4 GCAT chemicals)

7. z
Human Chromosomes:
Alzheimers may be linked to chromosome 14.
ALS may be linked to chromosome 9.
47 chromosomes (an extra #21) causes Down Syndrome.
45X chromosomes (missing 1X ) causes Turner Syndrome. (females are under-developed).

8. z
Genes: An uninterrupted segment of DNA, which
contains coded instructions responsible for the
inheritance of an organism’s characteristic features
Alleles: Possible 'forms' of a gene. (think of genes like
light switches, and alleles as either on or off)
Ex. Alleles for brown eyes or blue eyes.

9. z

10. z
David Vetter, ​"bubble
boy", lived ​for 12 years
inside a ​plastic bubble.
He ​has Severe ​Combined
Immune ​Deficiency
(SCID), ​a genetic
disorder ​that made his
body ​incapable
of ​fighting diseases. ​The
gene for SCID ​is found on
the X ​chromosome.
David died at age 13 after getting sick from a ​bone marrow
transplant from his sister.