Ppt on hypertension.

1. HYPERTENSION
Submitted by,
Renu S Waghmare
Basic Bsc Nursing
Bhonsala Institute of Nursing
Nashik

2. INTRODUCTION
 Hypertension, also referred to as high blood
pressure is a condition in which the arteries have
persistently elevated blood pressure.
 It is a most common disease condition in which
heart is working harder than normal.
 It is also known as “slient killer”

3. DEFINITION
 Hypertension is defined as persistently elevation
in blood pressure as systolic blood pressure
greater than 140 mmHg and a diastolic blood
pressure of more than 90 mmHg.

4. CAUSES
1. Primary Hypertension :
- Genetic factor
- Hormonal changes
- Increase sodium intake
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Lack of physical activity

5. CONTINUE..
2. Secondary Hypertension :
- Congenital narrowing of aorta
- Renal disease
- Endocrine disorder
- Liver cirrhosis

6. RISK FACTORS
1. Age
2. Gender
3. Smoking
4. Alcohol
5. High salt diet
6. Family history
7. Obesity
8. Stress

7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Due to etiological factors
Changes in arteriolar bed, increase systemic vascular resistance
Increase heart rate, Increase cardiac output : Increase in blood pressure
Decreased blood flow to organs
Juxtaglomerular cells – RENIN Angiotensinogen

8. Vasoconstriction
Increase aldosterone secretion
Increase sodium and water retention
Increase peripheral resistance
Angiotensin I
Angiotensin II
HYPERTENSION

9. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
1. Severe headache
2. Fatigue
3. Reduced activity intolerence
4. Dizziness
5. Chest pain

10. 6. Nausea
7. Vomiting
8. Confusion
9. Dyspnea
10. Arrhythmia

11. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
3.ECG
4.Ches
t X-

12. COMPLICATION

13. MANAGEMENT
1. Life style modification :
 Maintain a healthy weight or losing weight if you're
overweight or obese
 Reduce alcohol consumption
 Regular Physical exercise
 Stress management
 Eating a heart-healthy diet with less salt

15. 2. Pharmacological management :
1. Beta blockers : Ex: Atenolol, Propranolol
2. Alpha blockers : Ex: Prazosin
3. Diuretics : Ex: Furosemide, Clorothiazide
4. Vasodilator : Ex: Nitroglycerin
5. ACE Inhibitor : Ex: Captopril, Ramipril
6. Calcium channel blockers : Ex: Amlodipine

16. 3. Nursing management :
1. Assess the general condition of the patient
2. Monitor the vital signs of the patient
3. Assess the dietary pattern of the patient
4. Educate patient on a low salt diet, exercise and a healthy
eating
5. Encourage rest and provide quite room to the patient
6. Administer antihypertensive medication as prescribed

17. pain
4.Imbalanced
nutrition

19. SUMMARY
Here I summarized my topic,
1. Introduction
2. Definition
3. Causes
4. Risk factors
5. Pathophysiology
6. Clinical manifestation
7. Diagnostic evaluation
8. Complication
9. Management
10. Prevention