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1. Supervisor:
Mr. Khalid Ibrahim
Technical College of Health / Shekhan
Department of Nursing
2nd year – 1st course 2022-2023
Subject: Health Assessment
Student Name:
- Ali Bibo Ali
- Sara Miqdad Ali
- Zina Sabah
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2. Hypertension
Hypertension, also known as
high orraised blood pressure, is
a condition in which the blood
vessels have persistently
raised pressure.
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3. • Hypertension is defined as a systolicblood pressure (SBP)
of 140 mm Hg or more, or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP)
of 90 mmHg or more.
• Worldwide an estimated 1 billion people have
hypertension; about 1 in 3Americans affected.
• Affects ~50 million people in theUS.
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4. Measuring Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is most often measured with a
device known as a sphygmomanometer, which
consists of a stethoscope, arm cuff, dial, pump, and
valve.
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5. Types
There are two main types of high blood pressure:
1. Primary 2. Secondary
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6. The Stages of Hypertension
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7. Causes
There are two types of high bloodpressure.
Primary (essential) hypertension
For most adults, there's no identifiable cause of high
blood pressure.
Secondary hypertension
including:
Obstructive sleep apnea
Kidney problems
Adrenal gland tumors
Thyroid problems
Certain medications, such as birth control pills,
cold remedies, pain relievers .
Illegal drugs.
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8. Risk factors
High blood pressure has many risk factors,including:
Age.
Family history.
Being overweight or obese.
Not being physically active
Using tobacco.
Too much salt (sodium) in your diet.
Too little potassium in your diet.
Drinking too much alcohol. .
Stress
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10. Complications
Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to complications
including:
Heart attack or stroke
Aneurysm.
Heart failure
Weakened and narrowed blood vessels in your kidneys.
Thickened, narrowed or torn blood vessels in the eyes.
Metabolic syndrome.
Trouble with memory or understanding.
Dementia.
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11. Nursing intervention for hypertension
Assist the patient in lifelong change. Since hypertension is a
chronic disorder, it requires constant monitoring and
management. ...
Administer beta-blockers or calcium-channel blockers as
prescribed. ...
Use CPAP or supplemental oxygen at night. ...
Monitor and increase activity as tolerated. ...
Limit salt intake.
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12. Treatments
Step 1:
 Lifestyle modifications
-Diet and exercise
-Limit alcohol and tobaccouse
-Reduce stress factors
Step 2: If lifestyle changes are not enough, drug therapywill
be introduced
Step 3: If previous steps don’t work, drug dose or type willbe
changed or another drug is added
Step 4:
More medications are added until blood pressure is controlled.
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13. Prevention
Lifestyle changes
Having regular checkups with your
physician
Education
- Being aware of your blood pressure and
where it should be
- Understanding your personal risk factors
- Engaging in community health
awarenessacitivities
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14. Sources:
https://www.ninds.nih.gov/
 https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/
https://www.vidanthealth.com/
https://myhealth.ucsd.edu/
https://www.medicinenet.com/
https://en.wikipedia.org/
https://www.mayoclinic.org/
https://emedicine.medscape.com/
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